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Temporal and frontal cortical thickness associations with M100 auditory activity and attention in healthy controls and individuals with schizophrenia.

ABSTRACT: Although gray matter (GM) abnormalities are frequently observed in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ), the functional consequences of these structural abnormalities are not yet understood. The present study sought to better understand GM abnormalities in SCZ by examining associations between GM and two putative functional SCZ biomarkers: weak 100 ms (M100) auditory responses and impairment on tests of attention.Data were available from 103 subjects (healthy controls=52, SCZ=51). GM cortical thickness measures were obtained for superior temporal gyrus (STG) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Magnetoencephalography (MEG) provided measures of left and right STG M100 source strength. Subjects were administered the Trail Making Test A and the Connors' Continuous Performance Test to assess attention.A strong trend indicated less GM cortical thickness in SCZ than controls in both regions and in both hemispheres (p=0.06). Individuals with SCZ had weaker M100 responses than controls bilaterally, and individuals with SCZ performed more poorly than controls on tests of attention. Across groups, left STG GM was positively associated with left M00 source strength. In SCZ only, less left and right STG and PFC GM predicted poorer performance on tests of attention. After removing variance in attention associated with age, associations between GM and attention remained significant only in left and right STG.Reduced GM cortical thickness may serve as a common substrate for multiple functional abnormalities in SCZ, with structural-functional abnormalities in STG GM especially prominent. As suggested by others, functional abnormalities in SCZ may be a consequence of elimination of the neuropil (dendritic arbors and associated synaptic infrastructure) between neuron bodies.

SUBMITTER: Edgar JC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3423523 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Temporal and frontal cortical thickness associations with M100 auditory activity and attention in healthy controls and individuals with schizophrenia.

Edgar J Christopher JC Hunter Michael A MA Huang Mingxiong M Smith Ashley K AK Chen Yuhan Y Sadek Joseph J Lu Brett Y BY Miller Gregory A GA Cañive José M JM

Schizophrenia research 20120704 1-3

<h4>Background</h4>Although gray matter (GM) abnormalities are frequently observed in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ), the functional consequences of these structural abnormalities are not yet understood. The present study sought to better understand GM abnormalities in SCZ by examining associations between GM and two putative functional SCZ biomarkers: weak 100 ms (M100) auditory responses and impairment on tests of attention.<h4>Methods</h4>Data were available from 103 subjects (healthy c ...[more]

PMID: 22766129

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Project description:Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric illness with widespread impairments of cognitive functioning; however, a certain percentage of subjects are known to perform in the normal range on neuropsychological measures. While the cognitive profiles of these individuals have been examined, there has been relatively little attention to the neuroanatomical characteristics of this important subgroup. The aims of this study were to statistically identify schizophrenia subjects with relatively normal cognition, examine their neuroanatomical characteristics relative to their more impaired counterparts using cortical thickness mapping, and to investigate relationships between these characteristics and demographic variables to better understand the nature of cognitive heterogeneity in schizophrenia. Clinical, neuropsychological, and MRI data were collected from schizophrenia (n = 79) and healthy subjects (n = 65). A series of clustering algorithms on neuropsychological scores was examined, and a 2-cluster solution that separated subjects into neuropsychologically near-normal (NPNN) and neuropsychologically impaired (NPI) groups was determined most appropriate. Surface-based cortical thickness mapping was utilized to examine differences in thinning among schizophrenia subtypes compared with the healthy participants. A widespread cortical thinning pattern characteristic of schizophrenia emerged in the NPI group, while NPNN subjects demonstrated very limited thinning relative to healthy comparison subjects. Analysis of illness duration indicated minimal effects on subtype classification and cortical thickness results. Findings suggest a strong link between cognitive impairment and cortical thinning in schizophrenia, where subjects with near-normal cognitive abilities also demonstrate near-normal cortical thickness patterns. While generally supportive of distinct etiological processes for cognitive subtypes, results provide direction for further examination of additional neuroanatomical differences.

Dataset Information

Temporal and frontal cortical thickness associations with M100 auditory activity and attention in healthy controls and individuals with schizophrenia.

Publications

Temporal and frontal cortical thickness associations with M100 auditory activity and attention in healthy controls and individuals with schizophrenia.

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