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Effects of equine joint injury on boundary lubrication of articular cartilage by synovial fluid: role of hyaluronan.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:To compare equine synovial fluid (SF) from injured and control joints for cartilage boundary lubrication function; concentrations of the putative boundary lubricant molecules hyaluronan (HA), proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), and surface-active phospholipids (SAPLs); relationships between lubrication function and composition; and lubrication restoration by addition of HA. METHODS:Equine SF from normal joints, joints with acute injury, and joints with chronic injury were analyzed for boundary lubrication of normal articular cartilage (kinetic friction coefficient [?(kinetic) ]). Equine SF samples were analyzed for HA, PRG4, and SAPL concentrations and HA molecular weight distribution. The effect of the addition of HA, of different concentrations and molecular weight, on the ?(kinetic) of equine SF samples from normal joints and joints with acute injury was determined. RESULTS:The ?(kinetic) of equine SF from joints with acute injury (0.036) was higher (+39%) than that of equine SF from normal joints (0.026). Compared to normal equine SF, SF from joints with acute injury had a lower HA concentration (-30%) of lower molecular weight forms, higher PRG4 concentration (+83%), and higher SAPL concentration (+144%). Equine SF from joints with chronic injury had ?(kinetic) , PRG4, and SAPL characteristics intermediate to those of equine SF from joints with acute injury and normal equine SF. Regression analysis revealed that the ?(kinetic) value decreased with increasing HA concentration in equine SF. The friction-reducing properties of HA alone improved with increasing concentration and molecular weight. The addition of high molecular weight HA (4,000 kd) to equine SF from joints with acute injury reduced the ?(kinetic) to a value near that of normal equine SF. CONCLUSION:In the acute postinjury stage, equine SF exhibits poor boundary lubrication properties, as indicated by a high ?(kinetic) . HA of diminished concentration and molecular weight may be the basis for this, and adding HA to deficient equine SF restored lubrication function.

SUBMITTER: Antonacci JM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3424370 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of equine joint injury on boundary lubrication of articular cartilage by synovial fluid: role of hyaluronan.

Antonacci Jennifer M JM Schmidt Tannin A TA Serventi Lisa A LA Cai Matthew Z MZ Shu YuYu L YL Schumacher Barbara L BL McIlwraith C Wayne CW Sah Robert L RL

Arthritis and rheumatism 20120901 9

<h4>Objective</h4>To compare equine synovial fluid (SF) from injured and control joints for cartilage boundary lubrication function; concentrations of the putative boundary lubricant molecules hyaluronan (HA), proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), and surface-active phospholipids (SAPLs); relationships between lubrication function and composition; and lubrication restoration by addition of HA.<h4>Methods</h4>Equine SF from normal joints, joints with acute injury, and joints with chronic injury were analyzed fo ...[more]

PMID: 22605527

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Project description:BackgroundFull-thickness articular cartilage lesions that reach to the subchondral bone yet are restricted to the chondral compartment usually fill with a fibrocartilage-like repair tissue which is structurally and biomechanically compromised relative to normal articular cartilage. The objective of this study was to evaluate transcriptional differences between chondrocytes of normal articular cartilage and repair tissue cells four months post-microfracture.MethodsBilateral one-cm2 full-thickness defects were made in the articular surface of both distal femurs of four adult horses followed by subchondral microfracture. Four months postoperatively, repair tissue from the lesion site and grossly normal articular cartilage from within the same femorotibial joint were collected. Total RNA was isolated from the tissue samples, linearly amplified, and applied to a 9,413-probe set equine-specific cDNA microarray. Eight paired comparisons matched by limb and horse were made with a dye-swap experimental design with validation by histological analyses and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).ResultsStatistical analyses revealed 3,327 (35.3%) differentially expressed probe sets. Expression of biomarkers typically associated with normal articular cartilage and fibrocartilage repair tissue corroborate earlier studies. Other changes in gene expression previously unassociated with cartilage repair were also revealed and validated by RT-qPCR.ConclusionThe magnitude of divergence in transcriptional profiles between normal chondrocytes and the cells that populate repair tissue reveal substantial functional differences between these two cell populations. At the four-month postoperative time point, the relative deficiency within repair tissue of gene transcripts which typically define articular cartilage indicate that while cells occupying the lesion might be of mesenchymal origin, they have not recapitulated differentiation to the chondrogenic phenotype of normal articular chondrocytes.

Dataset Information

Effects of equine joint injury on boundary lubrication of articular cartilage by synovial fluid: role of hyaluronan.

Publications

Effects of equine joint injury on boundary lubrication of articular cartilage by synovial fluid: role of hyaluronan.

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