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Identification of soil bacteria susceptible to TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles.

ABSTRACT: Because soil is expected to be a major sink for engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) released to the environment, the effects of ENPs on soil processes and the organisms that carry them out should be understood. DNA-based fingerprinting analyses have shown that ENPs alter soil bacterial communities, but specific taxon changes remain unknown. We used bar-coded pyrosequencing to explore the responses of diverse bacterial taxa to two widely used ENPs, nano-TiO(2) and nano-ZnO, at various doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg g(-1) soil for TiO(2); 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg g(-1) soil for ZnO) in incubated soil microcosms. These ENPs significantly altered the bacterial communities in a dose-dependent manner, with some taxa increasing as a proportion of the community, but more taxa decreasing, indicating that effects mostly reduced diversity. Some of the declining taxa are known to be associated with nitrogen fixation (Rhizobiales, Bradyrhizobiaceae, and Bradyrhizobium) and methane oxidation (Methylobacteriaceae), while some positively impacted taxa are known to be associated with the decomposition of recalcitrant organic pollutants (Sphingomonadaceae) and biopolymers including protein (Streptomycetaceae and Streptomyces), indicating potential consequences to ecosystem-scale processes. The latter was suggested by a positive correlation between protease activity and the relative abundance of Streptomycetaceae (R = 0.49, P = 0.000) and Streptomyces (R = 0.47, P = 0.000). Our results demonstrate that some metal oxide nanoparticles could affect soil bacterial communities and associated processes through effects on susceptible, narrow-function bacterial taxa.

SUBMITTER: Ge Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3426698 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Identification of soil bacteria susceptible to TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles.

Ge Yuan Y Schimel Joshua P JP Holden Patricia A PA

Applied and environmental microbiology 20120713 18

Because soil is expected to be a major sink for engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) released to the environment, the effects of ENPs on soil processes and the organisms that carry them out should be understood. DNA-based fingerprinting analyses have shown that ENPs alter soil bacterial communities, but specific taxon changes remain unknown. We used bar-coded pyrosequencing to explore the responses of diverse bacterial taxa to two widely used ENPs, nano-TiO(2) and nano-ZnO, at various doses (0, 0.5, ...[more]

PMID: 22798374

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Project description:A comprehensive in vitro assessment of two commercial metal oxide nanoparticles, TiO2 and ZnO, was performed using human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM), monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC), and T cell leukemia-derived cell line (Jurkat). TiO2 nanoparticles were found to be non-toxic whereas ZnO nanoparticles caused dose-dependent cell death. Subsequently, global gene expression profiling was performed to identify signaling pathways underlying the cytotoxicity caused by ZnO nanoparticles. Analysis was done with doses, 1ug/ml and 10ug/ml after 6 and 24 hours of exposure. Interestingly, 2703 genes were significantly differentially expressed in HMDM upon exposure to 10ug/ml ZnO nanoparticles, while in MDDCs only 12 genes were affected. In Jurkat cells, 980 genes were differentially expressed. It is noteworthy that the gene expression of metallothioneins was upregulated in all the three cell types. In addition to the common ZnO-inducible changes, a notable proportion of the genes were regulated in a cell type-specific manner. Using a panel of ZnO nanoparticles, we obtained an additional support that the cellular response to ZnO nanoparticles is caused by particle dissolution. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the top biological processes disturbed in HMDM and Jurkat cells were regulating cell death and growth. In addition, genes controlling immune system development were affected. Bioinformatics assessment showed that the top human disease category associated with ZnO-responsive genes in both HMDM and Jurkat cells was cancer. Overall, the study revealed novel genes and pathways for mediating ZnO nanoparticle-induced toxicity and demonstrated the value of assessing nanoparticle responses through combined transcriptomics and bioinformatics approach. Nanoparticles used in the study: ZnO-1 commercial (IBU-tec advanced materials AG), ZnO-2 (mandelic acid coated ZnO-1), ZnO-3 (mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane coated ZnO-1), ZnO-4 (methoxyl coated ZnO), ZnO-5 (diethylene glycol modified ZnO) and ZnO-9 (folic acid modified ZnO). Detailed particle production and characterization data can be found from the articles: Buerki-Thurnherr et al. 2012 Nanotoxicology and Tuomela et al.

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Identification of soil bacteria susceptible to TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles.

Publications

Identification of soil bacteria susceptible to TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles.

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