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Association analysis of genetic and environmental risk factors in the cuticular drusen subtype of age-related macular degeneration.

ABSTRACT: PURPOSE: To assess the association of gender, cigarette smoking, body-mass index, and nine genetic risk variants with cuticular drusen (CD), a well recognized subtype of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: A total of 757 patients with AMD, including 217 patients with CD, and 553 control individuals were interviewed with a questionnaire and underwent an ophthalmic examination. Venous blood samples were obtained for genomic DNA extraction, and genotyping was performed of single nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with AMD. Odds ratios were calculated for patients with CD, using unaffected control individuals as a reference. Furthermore, odds ratios in patients with CD were compared to those in patients with "non-CD" AMD. RESULTS: The CD subtype of AMD was significantly associated with current smoking as well as variants in the complement factor H (CFH), age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2), complement factor B/complement component 2 (CFB/C2), complement component 3 (C3), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes. In patients with CD, the association with the CFH Y402H risk allele was significantly higher (p=0.022), whereas the association with current smoking was significantly lower (p<0.001) than in the heterogeneous group of patients with "non-CD" AMD. CONCLUSIONS: The AMD subtype of CD was associated with previously identified genetic AMD risk factors. However, the association with the CFH Y402H risk allele appeared to be stronger, whereas the association with smoking was less pronounced when compared to AMD as a whole. This study suggests a more important role for genetic factors than environmental factors in the development of this well defined subtype of AMD. These findings stress the importance of detailed phenotyping in AMD to identify homogeneous AMD subtypes, which may be associated with different risk factors and disease mechanisms. Such studies will improve the accuracy of predictive models and the effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic options in AMD.

SUBMITTER: van de Ven JP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3429356 | biostudies-literature | 2012

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association analysis of genetic and environmental risk factors in the cuticular drusen subtype of age-related macular degeneration.

van de Ven Johannes P H JP Smailhodzic Dženita D Boon Camiel J F CJ Fauser Sascha S Groenewoud Joannes M M JM Chong N Victor NV Hoyng Carel B CB Klevering B Jeroen BJ den Hollander Anneke I AI

Molecular vision 20120818

<h4>Purpose</h4>To assess the association of gender, cigarette smoking, body-mass index, and nine genetic risk variants with cuticular drusen (CD), a well recognized subtype of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 757 patients with AMD, including 217 patients with CD, and 553 control individuals were interviewed with a questionnaire and underwent an ophthalmic examination. Venous blood samples were obtained for genomic DNA extraction, and genotyping was performed of ...[more]

PMID: 22933840

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Project description:PurposeAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cuticular drusen (CD), a clinical subtype of AMD, have been linked to genetic variants in the complement factor H (CFH) gene. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of rare variants in the CFH gene in 180 cases with CD. In addition, we aimed to determine the frequency of a previously reported rare, highly penetrant CFH variant (p.Arg1210Cys) in a Dutch-German non-CD-type AMD case-control cohort, and to describe the phenotype of patients carrying the p.Arg1210Cys variant.MethodsStudy subjects were selected from the European Genetic Database (EUGENDA), a joint AMD database of the Radboud University Medical Centre and the University Hospital of Cologne, and graded at the Cologne Image Reading Centre and Laboratory (CIRCL). Additionally, two CD cases were recruited from the VU Medical Centre in Amsterdam. The CFH gene was analyzed in 180 CD cases with Sanger sequencing. All identified variants were analyzed for potential damaging effects with prediction software tools Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant (SIFT) and Polymorphism Phenotyping (PolyPhen). In addition, we genotyped the p.Arg1210Cys variant in 813 non-CD type AMD cases and 1175 controls.ResultsSequencing identified 11 rare, heterozygous missense variants, one frameshift variant, and one splice acceptor site variant in 16 CD cases. The p.Arg1210Cys variant was identified in two CD cases but was not identified in our Dutch-German non-CD-type AMD case-control cohort.ConclusionsThe present study identified the presence of rare variants in the CFH gene in 16 (8.8%) of 180 patients with the CD subtype of AMD. The carriers of rare CFH variants displayed a significantly earlier age at onset than non-carriers (p=0.016). The rare missense variant p.Arg1210Cys was identified in two CD cases, but was not detected in 813 non-CD type AMD cases or in the 1,175 controls of our Dutch-German cohort. The current study suggests that the p.Arg1210Cys variant may be restricted to a subset of patients with the CD subtype of AMD. Detailed clinical phenotyping, including fluorescein angiography, of patients with AMD carrying the p.Arg1210Cys variant in other cohorts is required to confirm this finding.

Dataset Information

Association analysis of genetic and environmental risk factors in the cuticular drusen subtype of age-related macular degeneration.

Publications

Association analysis of genetic and environmental risk factors in the cuticular drusen subtype of age-related macular degeneration.

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