Dataset Information

Microbial transformation from normal oral microbiota to acute endodontic infections.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Endodontic infections are a leading cause of oro-facial pain and tooth loss in western countries, and may lead to severe life-threatening infections. These infections are polymicrobial with high bacterial diversity. Understanding the spatial transition of microbiota from normal oral cavities through the infected root canal to the acute periapical abscess can improve our knowledge of the pathogenesis of endodontic infections and lead to more effective treatment. We obtained samples from the oral cavity, infected root canal and periapical abscess of 8 patients (5 with localized and 3 with systemic infections). Microbial populations in these samples were analyzed using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons. Bioinformatics tools and statistical tests with rigorous criteria were used to elucidate the spatial transition of the microbiota from normal to diseased sites.

Results

On average, 10,000 partial 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained from each sample. All sequences fell into 11 different bacterial phyla. The microbial diversity in root canal and abscess samples was significantly lower than in the oral samples. Streptococcus was the most abundant genus in oral cavities while Prevotella and Fusobacterium were most abundant in diseased samples. The microbiota community structures of root canal and abscess samples were, however, more similar to each other than to the oral cavity microbiota. Using rigorous criteria and novel bioinformatics tools, we found that Granulicatella adiacens, Eubacterium yurii, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella salivae, Streptococcus mitis, and Atopobium rimae were over-represented in diseased samples.

Conclusions

We used a novel approach and high-throughput methodologies to characterize the microbiota associated normal and diseased oral sites in the same individuals.

SUBMITTER: Hsiao WW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3431219 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Microbial transformation from normal oral microbiota to acute endodontic infections.

Hsiao William Wl WW Li Kevin L KL Liu Zhenqiu Z Jones Cheron C Fraser-Liggett Claire M CM Fouad Ashraf F AF

BMC genomics 20120728

<h4>Background</h4>Endodontic infections are a leading cause of oro-facial pain and tooth loss in western countries, and may lead to severe life-threatening infections. These infections are polymicrobial with high bacterial diversity. Understanding the spatial transition of microbiota from normal oral cavities through the infected root canal to the acute periapical abscess can improve our knowledge of the pathogenesis of endodontic infections and lead to more effective treatment. We obtained sam ...[more]

PMID: 22839737

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Project description:IntroductionConsiderable evidence has linked periodontitis (PD) to hypertension (HTN), but the nature behind this connection is unclear. Dysbiosis of oral microbiota leading to PD is known to aggravate different systematic diseases, but the alteration of oral microbiota in HTN and their impacts on blood pressure (BP) remains to be discovered.ObjectivesTo characterize the alterations of oral and gut microbiota and their roles in HTN.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional (95 HTN participants and 39 controls) and a 6-month follow-up study (52 HTN participants and 26 controls) to analyze the roles of oral and gut microbiota in HTN. Saliva, subgingival plaques, and feces were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing or metagenomic analysis. C57BL/6J mice were pretreated with antibiotics to deplete gut microbiota, and then transplanted with human saliva by gavage to test the impacts of abnormal oral-gut microbial transmission on HTN.ResultsBP in participants with PD was higher than no PD in both cross-sectional and follow-up cohort. Relative abundances of 14 salivary genera, 15 subgingival genera and 10 gut genera significantly altered in HTN and those of 7 salivary genera, 12 subgingival genera and 6 gut genera significantly correlated with BP. Sixteen species under 5 genera were identified as oral-gut transmitters, illustrating the presence of oral-gut microbial transmission in HTN. Veillonella was a frequent oral-gut transmitter stably enriched in HTN participants of both cross-sectional and follow-up cohorts. Saliva from HTN participants increased BP in hypertensive mice. Human saliva-derived Veillonella successfully colonized in mouse gut, more abundantly under HTN condition.ConclusionsPD and oral microbiota are strongly associated with HTN, likely through oral-gut transmission of microbes. Ectopic colonization of saliva-derived Veillonella in the gut may aggravate HTN. Therefore, precise manipulations of oral microbiota and/or oral-gut microbial transmission may be useful strategies for better prevention and treatment of HTN.

Project description:The aim was to characterize differences in fecal consistency, and fecal microbiota and metabolome profiles in dogs with acute diarrhea (AD) treated with either fecal microbiota transplantation as enema (FMT; n = 11) or oral metronidazole (MET; n = 7) for 7 days. On days 0, 7, and 28 fecal samples were obtained. Fecal samples from healthy dogs (HC; n = 14) were used for comparison. Samples were analyzed by the previously validated qPCR based canine Dysbiosis Index (DI; increased values indicate microbiota dysbiosis) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The fecal metabolome was analyzed using a previously validated targeted canine assay for fecal unconjugated bile acids, and untargeted metabolomics. Fecal consistency improved significantly in dogs treated with FMT and MET by day 7 and day 28 (p < 0.01) compared to day 0. However, on day 28 fecal consistency was significantly better in FMT compared to MET (p = 0.040). At day 0, dogs with AD had an altered microbiota indicated by significantly increased DI, decreased alpha-diversity, and altered beta-diversity. In the FMT group, the DI decreased over time, while MET led to a significant increase in the dysbiosis index at day 7 and 28 compared to FMT. Sequencing data revealed that in FMT microbial diversity and beta-diversity was similar to HC at day 28, while in MET these parameters were still significantly different from HC. In dogs treated with FMT, a decrease in cholic acid and the percentage of primary bile acids was observed, whereas treatment with metronidazole led to an increase in cholic acid at day 7 and an increase in percentage of primary bile acids over time. Based on untargeted metabolomics, dogs with AD had an altered fecal metabolome compared to HC. Dogs treated with FMT clustered closer to HC at day 28, while dogs treated with MET did not. In this pilot study, dogs with AD had significant differences in fecal microbiota and metabolome profiles. Dogs treated with MET still had altered microbial and metabolic profiles at day 28 compared to dogs treated with FMT or healthy dogs.

Dataset Information

Microbial transformation from normal oral microbiota to acute endodontic infections.

Background

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Microbial transformation from normal oral microbiota to acute endodontic infections.

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