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Hybridization of common reed in North America? The answer is blowing in the wind.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND AND AIMS:We review evidence for hybridization of Phragmites australis in North America and the implications for the persistence of native P. australis ssp. americanus populations in North America. We also highlight the need for an updated classification system, which takes P. australis intraspecific variation and hybridization into account. METHODOLOGY:We reviewed available published, in press and in preparation literature to assess the likelihood of hybridization and interbreeding in genotypes of P. australis present in North America. PRINCIPAL RESULTS:Experimental results demonstrate that hybridization among introduced and native haplotypes is possible within the genus Phragmites, yet evidence that hybridization has occurred naturally is only starting to emerge. The lag in identifying hybridization in Phragmites in North America may be related to under-sampling in some parts of North America and to a lack of molecular tools that provide the capability to recognize hybrids. CONCLUSIONS:Our understanding of the gene flow within and between species in the genus Phragmites is moving at a fast pace, especially on the east and Gulf coasts of North America. More attention should also be focused on the Great Lakes region, the southwestern and the west coast of the USA, where sympatry has created opportunities for hybridization. Where hybridizations have been detected, there are currently no published data on how hybridization affects plant vigour, morphology, invasiveness or conservation of the genetic integrity of the North American native subspecies. We conclude that the detection of more hybridization is highly likely and that there is a need to develop new markers for the different Phragmites species and lineages to fill current knowledge gaps. Finally, we suggest that the classification system for P. australis should be updated and published to help clarify the nomenclature.

SUBMITTER: Meyerson LA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3444738 | biostudies-literature | 2012

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Hybridization of common reed in North America? The answer is blowing in the wind.

Meyerson L A LA Lambertini C C McCormick M K MK Whigham D F DF

AoB PLANTS 20120918

<h4>Background and aims</h4>We review evidence for hybridization of Phragmites australis in North America and the implications for the persistence of native P. australis ssp. americanus populations in North America. We also highlight the need for an updated classification system, which takes P. australis intraspecific variation and hybridization into account.<h4>Methodology</h4>We reviewed available published, in press and in preparation literature to assess the likelihood of hybridization and i ...[more]

PMID: 22993684

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Project description:Aim:Lumbricid earthworms are invasive across northern North America, causing notable changes in forest ecosystems. During their range expansion they encountered harsher climatic conditions compared to their native ranges in evolutionary short time. This study investigated if (1) dispersal barriers, (2) climatic selection, or (3) anthropogenic activities, such as fishing bait disposal, structure the dispersal of free-living earthworm populations. Location:North America, forest habitats along former Wisconsinan glaciation line. Taxon:Lumbricus terrestris, L. rubellus. Methods:Lumbricus terrestris and L. rubellus co-occur in the same habitats but differ in ecology and use Conservation approach for goblin species were sampled in five transects ranging from the east to the west coast of northern North America, including major dispersal barriers, three different climate zones, and bait shops near sampling locations. Genetic diversity and structure were compared between the two species, and the presence of free-living bait shop genotypes was assessed using four markers (COI, 16S rDNA, 12S rDNA, H3). Results:Populations of both species were genetically diverse with some geographic structure, which was more pronounced in L. terrestris than in L. rubellus. Common haplotypes were present in all regions, but locally restricted haplotypes also occurred. Further, two distinct genetic clades of L. terrestris co-occurred only in the two most distant transects (Alberta and Minnesota). Genotypes identical to bait individuals were omnipresent in field populations of L. terrestris. Main conclusions:Genetic diversity was high in both species, and invasive populations represented a genetic subset of European earthworms. Geographic and climatic dispersal barriers affected the less mobile species, L. rubellus, resulting in differences in genetic structure between the two species. Our results indicate common long-distance dispersal vectors and specific vectors affecting only L. terrestris. The roles of climate and anthropogenic activities are discussed, providing additional explanations of dispersal and new insights into establishment of invasive earthworms.

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Hybridization of common reed in North America? The answer is blowing in the wind.

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Hybridization of common reed in North America? The answer is blowing in the wind.

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