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Acute diarrhea in West African children: diverse enteric viruses and a novel parvovirus genus.

ABSTRACT: Parvoviruses cause a variety of mild to severe symptoms or asymptomatic infections in humans and animals. During a viral metagenomic analysis of feces from children with acute diarrhea in Burkina Faso, we identified in decreasing prevalence nucleic acids from anelloviruses, dependoviruses, sapoviruses, enteroviruses, bocaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses, parechoviruses, rotaviruses, cosavirus, astroviruses, and hepatitis B virus. Sequences from a highly divergent parvovirus, provisionally called bufavirus, were also detected whose NS1 and VP1 proteins showed <39% and <31% identities to those of previously known parvoviruses. Four percent of the fecal samples were PCR positive for this new parvovirus, including a related bufavirus species showing only 72% identity in VP1. The high degree of genetic divergence of these related genomes from those of other parvoviruses indicates the presence of a proposed new Parvoviridae genus containing at least two species. Studies of the tropism and pathogenicity of these novel parvoviruses will be facilitated by the availability of their genome sequences.

SUBMITTER: Phan TG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3457132 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Acute diarrhea in West African children: diverse enteric viruses and a novel parvovirus genus.

Phan Tung G TG Vo Nguyen P NP Bonkoungou Isidore J O IJ Kapoor Amit A Barro Nicolas N O'Ryan Miguel M Kapusinszky Beatrix B Wang Chunling C Delwart Eric E

Journal of virology 20120801 20

Parvoviruses cause a variety of mild to severe symptoms or asymptomatic infections in humans and animals. During a viral metagenomic analysis of feces from children with acute diarrhea in Burkina Faso, we identified in decreasing prevalence nucleic acids from anelloviruses, dependoviruses, sapoviruses, enteroviruses, bocaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses, parechoviruses, rotaviruses, cosavirus, astroviruses, and hepatitis B virus. Sequences from a highly divergent parvovirus, provisionally call ...[more]

PMID: 22855485

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Project description:BackgroundViral gastroenteritis belongs to the major public health problems of infant and children worldwide. The largest proportion of morbidity and mortality occurs in Sub-Saharan Africa.PurposeAimed to assess the burden and genetic diversity of enteric viruses among children with diarrhea.Patients and methodsA cross-sectional study was undertaken from December 2015 to April 2016 in Debre Tabor. A total of thirty-eight children, who presented with diarrhea at Debre Tabor health centers, were included. Fecal samples were collected and screened for enteric viruses by RT-PCR. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive summary techniques were used to display the findings.ResultsOut of thirty-eight children screened, 52.6% were positive for at least one enteric virus. Six (30.0%) of the children had mixed enteric virus infections. Human adenovirus (HAdV) 7 (18.4%) was predominant followed by noroviruses (NoVs) 5 (13.2%), enterovirus (EV) 5 (13.2%), rotavirus A (RVA) 4 (10.5%), human astrovirus (HAstV) 2 (5.3%), and human parechovirus (HPeV) 1 (2.6%). Overall, nineteen different types of enteric virus genotypes were identified. Diverse adenovirus within species A (HAdV-12,-31), B (HAdV-3), C (HAdV-2), and F (HAdV-4) were detected. Norovirus II (GII.4 and GII.6) and norovirus I (GI.2, GI.3, and GI.5) genotypes were found. Sapovirus genotypes within genogroup II (GII.1, GII.5, and GII.6) were identified. Wild-type rotavirus G9 and P[8] genotypes were detected in one of the rotavirus positive samples. Non-polio enteroviruses within species A (coxsackie A virus (CAV) 5, CAV6, and CAV14) and C (enterovirus (EV-C) 99) were also identified. In two of the fecal samples classic HAstV-2 was detected.ConclusionDiverse enteric viruses were detected in fecal samples from under-five children with diarrhea. The detection of heterogeneous enteric viruses in this small data set highlights the need for extended multicenter studies to describe the burden and genetic diversity of enteric virus.

Project description:BACKGROUND: Enteric viruses are a major cause of diarrhea in children, especially those <5 years old. Identifying the viral agents is critical to the development of effective preventive measures. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of common enteric viruses in children <5 years old presented with diarrhea to the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. METHODS: Five hundred fecal samples were collected between August and November 2010 from children <5 years of age who presented with acute diarrhea at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. All samples were tested for rotaviruses A, B, and C, noroviruses GI and GII, adenovirus, sapovirus, and astrovirus using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), or PCR. Partial sequences of norovirus, sapovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus were phylogenetically analyzed to determine the genotype. RESULTS: Enteric viruses were detected in 302 of the 500 children who presented with acute diarrhea (277/477; 58.07%) and persistent diarrhea (5/23; 21.74%). In 277 samples from children with acute diarrhea in whom at least one viral agent was found, rotavirus A was the most frequent virus identified (132 cases; 27.67%), followed by norovirus GII in 130 cases (27.25%), adenovirus in 30 cases (6.29%), sapovirus in 9 cases (1.89%) and astrovirus in one case (0.21%). Twenty-two of the norovirus GII-positive cases were randomly selected for genotyping. GII/4 was the predominant strain, followed by GII/6, GII/2, GII/3, and GII/7. Sapovirus was classified into four genotypes: GI/1 was predominant, followed by GI/2, GII/1, and GIV. The predominant adenovirus was type 41. Mixed infections were found in 25 cases, all of which presented with acute diarrhea (25/477; 5.24%). Viruses were positive in 5/23 (21.74%) cases with persistent diarrhea. Neither rotavirus B, rotavirus C, nor norovirus GI were found in any of the samples. CONCLUSIONS: Enteric viruses are a major cause of diarrhea in children <5 years old in Chongqing. Rotavirus A is the most common etiological agent, follow by norovirus.

Project description:IntroductionDiarrheal diseases constitute a significant public health problem in terms of mortality and morbidity. In Honduras and around the world, RVs have consistently emerged as the single most important etiologic agent in acute childhood diarrhea. However, other viruses, such as NoVs and HAstVs, have also been shown to be responsible for viral gastroenteritis. Unfortunately, the country has limited information concerning the etiologic role of these viral agents in acute gastroenteritis. This study investigated the frequency, genotypes, and epidemiological characteristics of RV-A, NoVs, and HAstVs among children under 5 years old in Distrito Central, Honduras.MethodsStool samples and their corresponding epidemiological data were collected from children with acute gastroenteritis in three healthcare centers in Distrito Central. All samples were screened by immunoassays for RV-A and HAstVs. RV-A-positive samples were molecularly characterized by RT-PCR and genotyping assays. RT-PCR was also applied to confirm HAstVs positivity and to detect NoVs, followed by nucleotide sequencing to assign their genotypes.ResultsOur results show that at least one viral agent was detected in 31% of the children. The frequency of RV-A, NoVs, and HAstVs was 14%, 13%, and 5%, respectively. The most frequent RV-A genotype was G2P[4], occurring in 93% of cases. 92.3% of NoVs-positive samples belonged to genogroup II, with GII.4 and GII.16 being the most common. HAstVs were clustered into three genotypes: HAstV-1, HAstV-2, and HAstV-8. Only one sample showed coinfection with NoVs and HAstVs.ConclusionThis comprehensive molecular and epidemiological characterization of enteric viruses demonstrates the vast diversity of these agents and describes for the first time NoVs and HAstVs as causative agents of acute childhood gastroenteritis in Distrito Central, Honduras. This suggests that further in-depth studies of the pediatric population are necessary to develop and implement effective preventive and control measures in the country.

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Acute diarrhea in West African children: diverse enteric viruses and a novel parvovirus genus.

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Acute diarrhea in West African children: diverse enteric viruses and a novel parvovirus genus.

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