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Co-clustering phenome-genome for phenotype classification and disease gene discovery.

ABSTRACT: Understanding the categorization of human diseases is critical for reliably identifying disease causal genes. Recently, genome-wide studies of abnormal chromosomal locations related to diseases have mapped >2000 phenotype-gene relations, which provide valuable information for classifying diseases and identifying candidate genes as drug targets. In this article, a regularized non-negative matrix tri-factorization (R-NMTF) algorithm is introduced to co-cluster phenotypes and genes, and simultaneously detect associations between the detected phenotype clusters and gene clusters. The R-NMTF algorithm factorizes the phenotype-gene association matrix under the prior knowledge from phenotype similarity network and protein-protein interaction network, supervised by the label information from known disease classes and biological pathways. In the experiments on disease phenotype-gene associations in OMIM and KEGG disease pathways, R-NMTF significantly improved the classification of disease phenotypes and disease pathway genes compared with support vector machines and Label Propagation in cross-validation on the annotated phenotypes and genes. The newly predicted phenotypes in each disease class are highly consistent with human phenotype ontology annotations. The roles of the new member genes in the disease pathways are examined and validated in the protein-protein interaction subnetworks. Extensive literature review also confirmed many new members of the disease classes and pathways as well as the predicted associations between disease phenotype classes and pathways.

SUBMITTER: Hwang T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3479160 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Co-clustering phenome-genome for phenotype classification and disease gene discovery.

Hwang TaeHyun T Atluri Gowtham G Xie MaoQiang M Dey Sanjoy S Hong Changjin C Kumar Vipin V Kuang Rui R

Nucleic acids research 20120626 19

Understanding the categorization of human diseases is critical for reliably identifying disease causal genes. Recently, genome-wide studies of abnormal chromosomal locations related to diseases have mapped >2000 phenotype-gene relations, which provide valuable information for classifying diseases and identifying candidate genes as drug targets. In this article, a regularized non-negative matrix tri-factorization (R-NMTF) algorithm is introduced to co-cluster phenotypes and genes, and simultaneou ...[more]

PMID: 22735708

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Genomes of lower organisms have been observed with a large amount of horizontal gene transfers, which cause difficulties in their evolutionary study. Bacteriophage genomes are a typical example. One recent approach that addresses this problem is the unsupervised clustering of genomes based on gene order and genome position, which helps to reveal species relationships that may not be apparent from traditional phylogenetic methods. RESULTS: We propose the use of an overlapping subspace clustering algorithm for such genome classification problems. The advantage of subspace clustering over traditional clustering is that it can associate clusters with gene arrangement patterns, preserving genomic information in the clusters produced. Additionally, overlapping capability is desirable for the discovery of multiple conserved patterns within a single genome, such as those acquired from different species via horizontal gene transfers. The proposed method involves a novel strategy to vectorize genomes based on their gene distribution. A number of existing subspace clustering and biclustering algorithms were evaluated to identify the best framework upon which to develop our algorithm; we extended a generic subspace clustering algorithm called HARP to incorporate overlapping capability. The proposed algorithm was assessed and applied on bacteriophage genomes. The phage grouping results are consistent overall with the Phage Proteomic Tree and showed common genomic characteristics among the TP901-like, Sfi21-like and sk1-like phage groups. Among 441 phage genomes, we identified four significantly conserved distribution patterns structured by the terminase, portal, integrase, holin and lysin genes. We also observed a subgroup of Sfi21-like phages comprising a distinctive divergent genome organization and identified nine new phage members to the Sfi21-like genus: Staphylococcus 71, phiPVL108, Listeria A118, 2389, Lactobacillus phi AT3, A2, Clostridium phi3626, Geobacillus GBSV1, and Listeria monocytogenes PSA. CONCLUSION: The method described in this paper can assist evolutionary study through objectively classifying genomes based on their resemblance in gene order, gene content and gene positions. The method is suitable for application to genomes with high genetic exchange and various conserved gene arrangement, as demonstrated through our application on phages.

Project description:BACKGROUNDUnderstanding the effect of human genetic variations on disease can provide insight into phenotype-genotype relationships, and has great potential for improving the effectiveness of personalized medicine. While some genetic markers linked to disease susceptibility have been identified, a large number are still unknown. In this paper, we propose a pathway-based approach to extend disease-variant associations and find new molecular connections between genetic mutations and diseases.METHODSWe used a compilation of over 80,000 human genetic variants with known disease associations from databases including the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Clinical Variance database (ClinVar), Universal Protein Resource (UniProt), and Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD). Furthermore, we used the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) to normalize variant phenotype terminologies, mapping 87% of unique genetic variants to phenotypic disorder concepts. Lastly, variants were grouped by UMLS Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) identifiers to determine pathway enrichment in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways.RESULTSBy linking KEGG pathways through underlying variant associations, we elucidated connections between the human genetic variant-based disease phenome and metabolic pathways, finding novel disease connections not otherwise detected through gene-level analysis. When looking at broader disease categories, our network analysis showed that large complex diseases, such as cancers, are highly linked by their common pathways. In addition, we found Cardiovascular Diseases and Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases to have the highest number of common pathways, among 35 significant main disease category (MeSH) pairings.CONCLUSIONSThis study constitutes an important contribution to extending disease-variant connections and new molecular links between diseases. Novel disease connections were made by disease-pathway associations not otherwise detected through single-gene analysis. For instance, we found that mutations in different genes associated to Noonan Syndrome and Essential Hypertension share a common pathway. This analysis also provides the foundation to build novel disease-drug networks through their underlying common metabolic pathways, thus enabling new diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

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Co-clustering phenome-genome for phenotype classification and disease gene discovery.

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Co-clustering phenome-genome for phenotype classification and disease gene discovery.

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