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NOX2?: A novel splice variant of NOX2 that regulates NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages.

ABSTRACT: Nox2 oxidase is one isoform in a family of seven NADPH oxidases that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thereby contribute to physiological and pathological processes including host defense, redox signaling and oxidative tissue damage. While alternative mRNA splicing has been shown to influence the activity of several Nox-family proteins, functionally relevant splice variants of Nox2 have not previously been identified. We immunoscreened several mouse tissues and cells for the presence of truncated Nox2 proteins and identified a 30 kDa protein in lung, spleen and macrophages. RT-PCR analysis of mRNA from primary and immortalised (RAW264.7) mouse macrophages, and from human alveolar macrophages, identified a truncated Nox2 transcript which, upon sequence analysis, was found to be a product of the 'exon skipping' mode of alternative splicing, lacking exons 4-10 of the Nox2 gene. The predicted protein is comparable in size to that identified by immunoscreening and contains two transmembrane helices and an extended cytosolic C-terminus with binding sites for NADPH and the Nox organiser protein p47phox. Importantly, selective siRNA-mediated knockdown of the transcript reduced expression of the 30 kDa protein in macrophages, and suppressed phorbol ester-stimulated ROS production by 50%. We thus provide the first evidence that Nox2 undergoes alternative mRNA splicing to yield a 30 kDa protein - herein termed Nox2? - that regulates NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages from mice and humans. The discovery of Nox2? paves the way for future examination of its role in physiological and pathological processes.

SUBMITTER: Harrison CB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3485160 | biostudies-literature | 2012

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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NOX2β: A novel splice variant of NOX2 that regulates NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages.

Harrison Craig B CB Selemidis Stavros S Guida Elizabeth E King Paul T PT Sobey Christopher G CG Drummond Grant R GR

PloS one 20121031 10

Nox2 oxidase is one isoform in a family of seven NADPH oxidases that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thereby contribute to physiological and pathological processes including host defense, redox signaling and oxidative tissue damage. While alternative mRNA splicing has been shown to influence the activity of several Nox-family proteins, functionally relevant splice variants of Nox2 have not previously been identified. We immunoscreened several mouse tissues and cells for the presence o ...[more]

PMID: 23118986

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Project description:Doxorubicin is a highly effective cancer treatment whose use is severely limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. It is well established that doxorubicin increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In this study, we investigated contributions to doxorubicin cardiotoxicity from Nox2 NADPH oxidase, an important ROS source in cardiac cells, which is known to modulate several key processes underlying the myocardial response to injury. Nox2-deficient mice (Nox2-/-) and wild-type (WT) controls were injected with doxorubicin (12 mg/kg) or vehicle and studied 8 weeks later. Echocardiography indicated that doxorubicin-induced contractile dysfunction was attenuated in Nox2-/- versus WT mice (fractional shortening: 29.5±1.4 versus 25.7±1.0%; P<0.05). Similarly, in vivo pressure-volume analysis revealed that systolic and diastolic function was preserved in doxorubicin-treated Nox2-/- versus WT mice (ejection fraction: 52.6±2.5 versus 28.5±2.3%, LVdP/dtmin: -8,379±416 versus -5,198±527 mmHg s(-1); end-diastolic pressure-volume relation: 0.051±0.009 versus 0.114±0.012; P<0.001). Furthermore, in response to doxorubicin, Nox2-/- mice exhibited less myocardial atrophy, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis, together with reduced increases in profibrotic gene expression (procollagen III?I, transforming growth factor-?3, and connective tissue growth factor) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity, versus WT controls. These alterations were associated with beneficial changes in NADPH oxidase activity, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and inflammatory cell infiltration. We found that adverse effects of doxorubicin were attenuated by acute or chronic treatment with the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan, which is commonly used to reduce blood pressure. Our findings suggest that ROS specifically derived from Nox2 NADPH oxidase make a substantial contribution to several key processes underlying development of cardiac contractile dysfunction and remodeling associated with doxorubicin chemotherapy.

Dataset Information

NOX2?: A novel splice variant of NOX2 that regulates NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages.

Publications

NOX2β: A novel splice variant of NOX2 that regulates NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages.

Similar Datasets

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