Intensity versus duration of physical activity: implications for the metabolic syndrome. A prospective cohort study.
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ABSTRACT: Objectives
To explore the relative importance of leisure time physical activity (LTPA), walking and jogging on risk of developing the metabolic syndrome (MS).Design
A prospective cohort study.Setting
The Copenhagen City Heart Study.Participants
10 135 men and women aged 21-98 years who attended an initial examination in 1991-1994 and were re-examined after 10 years.Outcome measures
The association of LTPA, jogging, walking speed and walking volume with MS at baseline and at 10-year follow-up was investigated by multiple logistic regression analyses.Results
Baseline prevalence of MS was 20.7% in women and 27.3% in men. In both women and men, MS prevalence was associated with lower LTPA and walking speed and was lower in joggers compared to non-joggers. In subjects free of MS at baseline, 15.4% had developed MS at 10-year follow-up. Risk of developing MS was reduced in subjects with moderate or high LTPA, higher walking speed and in joggers whereas a higher volume of walking was not associated with reduced risk. After multiple adjustment, odds ratio (OR) of developing MS in moderate/high LTPA was 0.71 (95% CI 0.50 to 1.01), fast walking speed 0.51 (0.33 to 0.80) and joggers 0.60 (0.37 to 0.95) and walking >1 h daily 1.22 (0.91 to 1.65).Conclusions
Our results confirm the role of physical activity in reducing MS risk and suggest that intensity more than volume of physical activity is important.
SUBMITTER: Laursen AH
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3488727 | biostudies-literature | 2012
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Intensity versus duration of physical activity: implications for the metabolic syndrome. A prospective cohort study.
Laursen Adam Hoegsbro AH Kristiansen Ole P OP Marott Jacob Louis JL Schnohr Peter P Prescott Eva E
BMJ open 20121008 5
<h4>Objectives</h4>To explore the relative importance of leisure time physical activity (LTPA), walking and jogging on risk of developing the metabolic syndrome (MS).<h4>Design</h4>A prospective cohort study.<h4>Setting</h4>The Copenhagen City Heart Study.<h4>Participants</h4>10 135 men and women aged 21-98 years who attended an initial examination in 1991-1994 and were re-examined after 10 years.<h4>Outcome measures</h4>The association of LTPA, jogging, walking speed and walking volume with MS ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundMultiple occasions of device-measured physical activity have not been previously examined in relation to metabolic traits. We described associations of total activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary time from three accelerometry measures taken across adolescence with detailed traits related to systemic metabolism.Methods and findingsThere were 1,826 male and female participants recruited at birth in 1991-1992 via mothers into the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children offspring cohort who attended clinics in 2003-2005, 2005-2006, and 2006-2008 who were included in ≥1 analysis. Waist-worn uniaxial accelerometers measured total activity (counts/min), MVPA (min/d), and sedentary time (min/d) over ≥3 d at mean age 12y, 14y, and 15y. Current activity (at age 15y), mean activity across occasions, interaction by previous activity, and change in activity were examined in relation to systolic and diastolic blood pressure, insulin, C-reactive protein, and 230 traits from targeted metabolomics (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), including lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, amino and fatty acids, glycoprotein acetyls, and others, at age 15y. Mean current total activity was 477.5 counts/min (SD = 164.0) while mean MVPA and sedentary time durations were 23.6 min/d (SD = 17.9) and 522.1 min/d (SD = 66.0), respectively. Mean body mass index at age 15y was 21.4 kg/m2 (SD = 3.5). Correlations between first and last activity measurement occasions were low (e.g., r = 0.40 for counts/min). Current activity was most strongly associated with cholesterol and triglycerides in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles (e.g., -0.002 mmol/l or -0.18 SD units; 95% CI -0.24--0.11 for triglycerides in chylomicrons and extremely large very low-density lipoprotein [XL VLDL]) and with glycoprotein acetyls (-0.02 mmol/l or -0.16 SD units; 95% CI -0.22--0.10), among others. Associations were similar for mean activity across 3 occasions. Attenuations were modest with adjustment for fat mass index based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In mutually adjusted models, higher MVPA and sedentary time were oppositely associated with cholesterol and triglycerides in VLDL and HDL particles (MVPA more strongly with glycoprotein acetyls and sedentary time more strongly with amino acids). Associations appeared less consistent for sedentary time than for MVPA based on longer-term measures and were weak for change in all activity types from age 12y-15y. Evidence was also weak for interaction between activity types at age 15y and previous activity measures in relation to most traits (minimum P = 0.003; median P = 0.26 for counts/min) with interaction coefficients mostly positive. Study limitations include modest sample sizes and relatively short durations of accelerometry measurement on each occasion (3-7 d) and of time lengths between first and last accelerometry occasions (<4 years), which can obscure patterns from chance variation and limit description of activity trajectories. Activity was also recorded using uniaxial accelerometers which predated more sensitive triaxial devices.ConclusionsOur results support associations of physical activity with metabolic traits that are small in magnitude and more robust for higher MVPA than lower sedentary time. Activity fluctuates over time, but associations of current activity with most metabolic traits do not differ by previous activity. This suggests that the metabolic effects of physical activity, if causal, depend on most recent engagement.
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Project description:ObjectivesTo determine the role of physical activity intensity and bout-duration in modulating associations between physical activity and cardiometabolic risk markers.MethodsA cross-sectional study using the International Children's Accelerometry Database (ICAD) including 38,306 observations (in 29,734 individuals aged 4-18 years). Accelerometry data was summarized as time accumulated in 16 combinations of intensity thresholds (≥500 to ≥3000 counts/min) and bout-durations (≥1 to ≥10 min). Outcomes were body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), waist circumference, biochemical markers, blood pressure, and a composite score of these metabolic markers. A second composite score excluded the adiposity component. Linear mixed models were applied to elucidate the associations and expressed per 10 min difference in daily activity above the intensity/bout-duration combination. Estimates (and variance) from each of the 16 combinations of intensity and bout-duration examined in the linear mixed models were analyzed in meta-regression to investigate trends in the association.ResultsEach 10 min positive difference in physical activity was significantly and inversely associated with the risk factors irrespective of the combination of intensity and bout-duration. In meta-regression, each 1000 counts/min increase in intensity threshold was associated with a -0.027 (95% CI: -0.039 to -0.014) standard deviations lower composite risk score, and a -0.064 (95% CI: -0.09 to -0.038) kg/m2 lower BMI. Conversely, meta-regression suggested bout-duration was not significantly associated with effect-sizes (per 1 min increase in bout-duration: -0.002 (95% CI: -0.005 to 0.0005) standard deviations for the composite risk score, and -0.005 (95% CI: -0.012 to 0.002) kg/m2 for BMI).ConclusionsTime spent at higher intensity physical activity was the main determinant of variation in cardiometabolic risk factors, not bout-duration. Greater magnitude of associations was consistently observed with higher intensities. These results suggest that, in children and adolescents, physical activity, preferably at higher intensities, of any bout-duration should be promoted.
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Project description:ObjectiveSubfertility is a common problem for couples in modern society. Many studies have confirmed that lifestyle factors can affect fertility although there are conflicting conclusions relating to the effects of physical activity and sleep duration on fertility. In this study, we aimed to summarize and analyze the available evidence.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase databases (as of October 14, 2022) were systematically searched for eligible prospective cohort studies. Data were extracted and effect values were combined. We also performed methodological quality and bias risk assessments for all the included studies.ResultsA total of 10 eligible articles were included in our analysis; seven investigated the relationship between physical activity and fertility, and three investigated the effect of sleep duration on fertility. Compared with the lowest level of physical activity, high intensity physical activity (the highest levels of physical activity) was negatively correlated with fertility [odds ratio (OR) = 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70, 1.00, I 2 = 64%]. However, we did not find an association between moderate intensity physical activity and fertility (OR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.22, I 2 = 60%). We observed an inverse association between limited sleep duration (≤ 7 h) and fertility (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.00, I 2 = 0%) compared with 8 h of sleep. The relationship between long sleep duration (≥9 h) and fertility was not statistically significant (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.60, 1.21, I 2 = 83%). According to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score, the overall quality of the research articles included was ranked as medium to high (6-9). Through GRADE system, the quality of evidence for the impact of high intensity physical activity and limited sleep duration on fertility was moderate, while the quality of evidence for the impact of moderate intensity physical activity and long sleep duration on fertility was low.ConclusionThe current evidence shows that high intensity physical activity and limited sleep time are negatively related to fertility. But there was great heterogeneity among studies, and the quality of research evidence was low to median. Thus, further high-quality research is needed to confirm this conclusion.Prospero registration numberCRD42022298137.
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Project description:BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common metabolic disorder that results from the increasing prevalence of obesity, which has been an increasing concern in recent years. Previous evidence indicated that MetS was associated with mortality; however, different definitions of MetS were used. In 2005, the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III updated the definition of MetS, which has since been widely adopted. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a novel study among other populations and countries with a larger sample size using the updated definition of MetS and death code to examine the association of MetS with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the associations of MetS with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.MethodsA total of 36,414 adults were included in this study, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988-1994) and the continuous NHANES (1999-2014) in the United States. Death outcomes were ascertained by linkage to National Death Index records through December 31, 2015. MetS was defined by the NCEP ATP III-2005 criterion. Complex survey design factors including sample weights, clustering, and stratification were considered for all analyses with instructions for using NHANES data. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for mortality from all causes, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.ResultsWe observed 8494 deaths during the 16.71 years of follow-up. Compared with those without MetS, individuals with MetS were associated with a significantly elevated multiadjusted HR of 1.24 (95% CI 1.16-1.33), 1.44 (95% CI 1.25-1.66), and 5.15 (95% CI 3.15-8.43) for all cause, heart diseases, and diabetes mellitus, respectively, whereas no significant association was found for cancer mortality (HR 1.17, 95% CI 0.95-1.43).ConclusionsOur study provides additional evidence that MetS and its components are significantly associated with all-cause, heart disease, and diabetes mortality, but not with cancer mortality. Health care professionals should pay more attention to MetS and its individual component.
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