Dataset Information

Effects of PPAR? and RBP4 gene variants on metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients with anti-retroviral therapy.

ABSTRACT:

Background

PPAR? and RBP4 are known to regulate lipid and glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. The influences of PPAR? (C1431T and Pro12Ala) and RBP4 (-803GA) polymorphisms on metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy were examined in this study.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study of HIV-1 infected adults with antiretroviral therapy for more than one year in the National Cheng Kung University Hospital was conducted. The gene polymorphisms were determined by quantitative PCR.

Results

Ninety-one patients were included in the study. Eighty-two (90.1%) patients were males with a mean age of 44.4 years. For the C1431T polymorphism in PPAR?, while patients with the T allele (48.4%) had trends toward lower rate of hypertriglyceridemia, the borderline significance together with insignificant power did not support the protective effect of the T allele against development of hypertriglyceridemia. For the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR?, although patients with the Pro/Ala genotype (8.8%) had a higher level of serum LDL (138.0 vs. 111.5 mg/dl, P?=?0.04) and trends toward higher rates of hypercholesterolemia and serum LDL>110 mg/dl, these variables were found to be independent of the Pro/Ala genotype in the multivariate analysis. For the -803GA polymorphism in RBP4, patients with the A allele (23.1%) more often had insulin resistance (HOMA>3.8; 33.3 vs. 8.7%, P?=?0.01) and more often received anti-hypoglycemic drugs (14.3 vs. 1.4%, P?=?0.04). The detrimental effect of the A allele in RBP4 -803GA polymorphism on development of insulin resistance was supported by the multivariate analysis adjusting for covariates.

Conclusion

The impacts of PPAR? C1431T and Pro12Ala polymorphisms on metabolism in HIV-infected patients are not significant. RBP4 -803GA polymorphism has increased risk of insulin resistance in HIV-infected patients with anti-retroviral therapy.

SUBMITTER: Hung YP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3492303 | biostudies-literature | 2012

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Effects of PPARγ and RBP4 gene variants on metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients with anti-retroviral therapy.

Hung Yuan-Pin YP Lee Nan-Yao NY Lin Sheng-Hsiang SH Chang Ho-Ching HC Wu Chi-Jung CJ Chang Chia-Ming CM Chen Po-Lin PL Lin Hsiao-Ju HJ Wu Yi-Hui YH Tsai Pei-Jane PJ Tsai Yau-Sheng YS Ko Wen-Chien WC

PloS one 20121107 11

<h4>Background</h4>PPARγ and RBP4 are known to regulate lipid and glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. The influences of PPARγ (C1431T and Pro12Ala) and RBP4 (-803GA) polymorphisms on metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy were examined in this study.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>A cross-sectional study of HIV-1 infected adults with antiretroviral therapy for more than one year in the National Cheng Kung University Hospital was conducted. The gene pol ...[more]

PMID: 23145084

Similar Datasets

Project description:BACKGROUND: Within sub-Saharan Africa, helminth and malaria infections cause considerable morbidity in HIV-positive pregnant women and their offspring. Helminth infections are also associated with a higher risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of, and the protective and risk factors for helminth and malaria infections in pregnant HIV-positive Rwandan women receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART). METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPLE FINDINGS: Pregnant females (n = 980) were recruited from health centres in rural and peri-urban locations in the central and eastern provinces of Rwanda. Helminth infection was diagnosed using the Kato Katz method whilst the presence of Plasmodium falciparum was identified from blood smears. The prevalence of helminth infections was 34.3%; of malaria 13.3%, and of co-infections 6.6%. Helminth infections were more common in rural (43.1%) than peri-urban (18.0%; p<0.0005) sites. A CD4 count ≤ 350 cells/mm(3) was associated with a higher risk of helminth infections (odds ratio, 3.39; 95% CIs, 2.16-5.33; p<0.0005) and malaria (3.37 [2.11-5.38]; p<0.0005) whilst helminth infection was a risk factor for malaria infection and vice versa. Education and employment reduced the risk of all types of infection whilst hand washing protected against helminth infection (0.29 [0.19-0.46]; p<0.0005);). The TDF-3TC-NVP (3.47 [2.21-5.45]; p<0.0005), D4T-3TC-NVP (2.47 [1.27-4.80]; p<0.05) and AZT-NVP (2.60 [1.33-5.08]; p<0.05) regimens each yielded higher helminth infection rates than the AZT-3TC-NVP regimen. Anti-retroviral therapy had no effect on the risk of malaria. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: HIV-positive pregnant women would benefit from the scaling up of de-worming programs alongside health education and hygiene interventions. The differential effect of certain ART combinations (as observed here most strongly with AZT-3TC-NVP) possibly protecting against helminth infection warrants further investigation.

Project description:BackgroundThe emergence of vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE) has alarmed the global community due to its tendency for colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients are colonized by vancomycin resistant Enterococci than other groups. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of vancomycin resistant Enterococci and its associated factors among HIV infected patients on Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART).MethodsInstitution based cross sectional study was conducted among HIV infected patients on ART at from June 1 to August 30, 2020. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected by pre-tested structured questionnaire. Stool sample was collected and processed by standard microbiological techniques. Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method was used to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Data were entered by Epi data version 4.6.0.2 and analyzed by SPSS version 25. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between dependent and independent variables. P-values in the multivariable analysis, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to determine the strength of association. P-value ≤0.05 was considered as significant.ResultsEnterococci spp was isolated on 123/200 (61.50%) patients. Among these isolates, the incidence of vancomycin resistant Enterococci was 11.4% [95% CI: (6.0-17.0)]. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns against Enterococci showed highest rate of resistance to ampicillin (69.9%). Multidrug resistances were observed in 49.59% of Enterococci isolates. Study participants who had prior antibioticexposurer more than two weeks [AOR = 7.35; 95% CI: (1.2144.64)] and hospitalization for the last six months [AOR = 5.68; 95% CI: (1.09 29.74)] were significantly associated with vancomycin resistant Enterococci.ConclusionsIn our study high incidence of vancomycin resistant Enterococci was found. Previous exposure to antibiotics for more than two weeks and hospitalization for more than six months were significantly associated with vancomycin resistant Enterococci. The isolated Enterococci had variable degrees of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Therefore, periodic surveillance on antimicrobial resistance pattern, adhering to rational use of antibiotics and implementing infection prevention protocols may reduce colonization by VRE.

Project description:BackgroundFor optimal functionality, immune cells require a robust and adaptable metabolic program that is fueled by dynamic mitochondrial activity. In this study, we investigate the metabolic alterations occurring in immune cells during HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy by analyzing the uptake of metabolic substrates and mitochondrial phenotypes. By delineating changes in immune cell metabolic programming during HIV, we may identify novel potential therapeutic targets to improve anti-viral immune responses.MethodsAfter consent and voluntary participation was confirmed, whole blood was drawn from HIV uninfected women and women with chronic HIV infection on long-term combination antiretroviral therapy (HIV/cART). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells-derived immune cells were directly incubated with different fluorescently tagged metabolites and markers of mitochondrial activity: FITC-2-NBDG (2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose), FITC-BODIPY (4,4-Difluoro-5,7-Dimethyl-4-Bora-3a,4a-Diaza-s-Indacene-3-Hexadecanoic Acid), FITC-MitoTracker Green and APC-MitoTracker Deep Red. The uptake of glucose and fats and the mitochondrial mass and potential were measured using flow cytometry. All values are reported quantitatively as geometric means of fluorescence intensity.ResultsDuring chronic HIV infection, cellular uptake of glucose increases in HIV+ dendritic cells in particular. CD4+ T cells had the lowest uptake of glucose and fats compared to all other cells regardless of HIV status, while CD8+ T cells took up more fatty acids. Interestingly, despite the lower utilization of glucose and fats in CD4+ T cells, mitochondrial mass increased in HIV+ CD4+ T cells compared to HIV negative CD4+ T-cells. HIV+ CD4+ T cells also had the highest mitochondrial potential.ConclusionsSignificant disparities in the utilization of substrates by leukocytes during chronic HIV/cART exist. Innate immune cells increased utilization of sugars and fats while adaptive immune cells displayed lower glucose and fat utilization despite having a higher mitochondrial activity. Our findings suggest that cART treated HIV-infected CD4+ T cells be dysfunctional or may prefer alternative fuel sources not included in these studies. This underscores the importance of understanding the metabolic effects of HIV treatment on immune function.