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Preferential induction of apoptotic cell death in melanoma cells as compared with normal keratinocytes using a non-thermal plasma torch.

ABSTRACT: Selective induction of apoptosis in melanoma cells is optimal for therapeutic development. To achieve this goal, a non-thermal helium plasma torch was modified for use on cultured cells in a temperature-controlled environment. Melanoma cells were targeted with this torch (1) in parallel cultures with keratinocytes, (2) in co-culture with keratinocytes and (3) in a soft agar matrix. Melanoma cells displayed high sensitivity to reactive oxygen species generated by the torch and showed a 6-fold increase in cell death compared with keratinocytes. The extent of cell death was compared between melanoma cells and normal human keratinocytes in both short-term (5 min) co-culture experiments and longer assessments of apoptotic cell death (18-24 h). Following a 10 sec plasma exposure there was a 4.9-fold increase in the cell death of melanoma vs. keratinocytes as measured after 24 h at the target site of the plasma beam. When the treatment time was increased to 30 sec, a 98% cell death was reported for melanoma cells, which was 6-fold greater than the extent of cell death in keratinocytes. Our observations further indicate that this preferential cell death is largely due to apoptosis.. In addition, we report that this non-thermal plasma torch kills melanoma cells growing in soft agar, suggesting that the plasma torch is capable of inducing melanoma cell death in 3D settings. We demonstrate that the presence of gap junctions may increase the area of cell death, likely due to the "bystander effect" of passing apoptotic signals between cells. Our findings provide a basis for further development of this non-invasive plasma torch as a potential treatment for melanoma.

SUBMITTER: Zucker SN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3493438 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Preferential induction of apoptotic cell death in melanoma cells as compared with normal keratinocytes using a non-thermal plasma torch.

Zucker Shoshanna N SN Zirnheld Jennifer J Bagati Archis A DiSanto Thomas M TM Des Soye Benjamin B Wawrzyniak Joseph A JA Etemadi Kasra K Nikiforov Mikhail M Berezney Ronald R

Cancer biology & therapy 20120816 13

Selective induction of apoptosis in melanoma cells is optimal for therapeutic development. To achieve this goal, a non-thermal helium plasma torch was modified for use on cultured cells in a temperature-controlled environment. Melanoma cells were targeted with this torch (1) in parallel cultures with keratinocytes, (2) in co-culture with keratinocytes and (3) in a soft agar matrix. Melanoma cells displayed high sensitivity to reactive oxygen species generated by the torch and showed a 6-fold inc ...[more]

PMID: 22895073

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Project description:Initiation and progression of oral infectious diseases are associated with streptococcal species. Bacterial infection induces inflammatory responses together with reactive oxygen species (ROS), often causing cell death and tissue damage in the host. In the present study, we investigated the effects of oral streptococci on cytotoxicity and ROS production in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Streptococcus gordonii showed cell cytotoxicity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity might be due to apoptosis since S. gordonii increased annexin V-positive cells, and the cytotoxicity was reduced by an apoptosis inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK. Other oral streptococci such as Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus sobrinus also induced apoptosis, whereas Streptococcus mutans did not. All streptococci tested except S. mutans triggered ROS production in human PDL cells. Interestingly, however, streptococci-induced apoptosis appears to be ROS-independent, as the cell death induced by S. gordonii was not recovered by the ROS inhibitor, resveratrol or n-acetylcysteine. Instead, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) appears to be important for the cytotoxic effects of streptococci since most oral streptococci except S. mutans generated H2O2, and the cytotoxicity was dramatically reduced by catalase. Furthermore, streptococcal lipoproteins are involved in cytotoxicity, as we observed that cytotoxicity induced by the lipoprotein-deficient S. gordonii mutant was less potent than that by the wild-type and was attenuated by anti-TLR2-neutralizing antibody. Indeed, lipoproteins purified from S. gordonii alone were sufficient to induce cytotoxicity. Notably, S. gordonii lipoproteins did not induce H2O2 or ROS but cooperatively induced cell death when co-treated with H2O2. Taken together, these results suggest that most oral streptococci except S. mutans efficiently induce damage to human PDL cells by inducing apoptotic cell death with bacterial H2O2 and lipoproteins, which might contribute to the progression of oral infectious diseases such as apical periodontitis.

Dataset Information

Preferential induction of apoptotic cell death in melanoma cells as compared with normal keratinocytes using a non-thermal plasma torch.

Publications

Preferential induction of apoptotic cell death in melanoma cells as compared with normal keratinocytes using a non-thermal plasma torch.

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