Dataset Information

Complete genome sequence of a coxsackievirus B3 isolated from a Sichuan snub-nosed monkey.

ABSTRACT: Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is an enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae that is significant to human health, being associated with myocarditis, aseptic meningitis, and pancreatitis, among other conditions. In addition to humans, Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys can be infected and killed by CVB3. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of a novel coxsackievirus B3 strain, SSM-CVB3, which was isolated from a deceased Sichuan snub-nosed monkey with severe myocarditis. Our findings may aid in understanding the evolutionary characteristics and molecular pathogenesis of this virus.

SUBMITTER: He W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3497664 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Complete genome sequence of a coxsackievirus B3 isolated from a Sichuan snub-nosed monkey.

He Wenqi W Lu Huijun H Zhao Kui K Song Deguang D Gai Xianying X Gao Feng F

Journal of virology 20121201 23

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is an enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae that is significant to human health, being associated with myocarditis, aseptic meningitis, and pancreatitis, among other conditions. In addition to humans, Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys can be infected and killed by CVB3. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of a novel coxsackievirus B3 strain, SSM-CVB3, which was isolated from a deceased Sichuan snub-nosed monkey with severe myocarditis. Our findings may aid in ...[more]

PMID: 23118460

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Small, isolated populations often experience loss of genetic variation due to random genetic drift. Unlike neutral or nearly neutral markers (such as mitochondrial genes or microsatellites), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in these populations may retain high levels of polymorphism due to balancing selection. The relative roles of balancing selection and genetic drift in either small isolated or bottlenecked populations remain controversial. In this study, we examined the mechanisms maintaining polymorphisms of MHC genes in small isolated populations of the endangered golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) by comparing genetic variation found in MHC and microsatellite loci. There are few studies of this kind conducted on highly endangered primate species. RESULTS:Two MHC genes were sequenced and sixteen microsatellite loci were genotyped from samples representing three isolated populations. We isolated nine DQA1 alleles and sixteen DQB1 alleles and validated expression of the alleles. Lowest genetic variation for both MHC and microsatellites was found in the Shennongjia (SNJ) population. Historical balancing selection was revealed at both the DQA1 and DQB1 loci, as revealed by excess non-synonymous substitutions at antigen binding sites (ABS) and maximum-likelihood-based random-site models. Patterns of microsatellite variation revealed population structure. FST outlier analysis showed that population differentiation at the two MHC loci was similar to the microsatellite loci. CONCLUSIONS:MHC genes and microsatellite loci showed the same allelic richness pattern with the lowest genetic variation occurring in SNJ, suggesting that genetic drift played a prominent role in these isolated populations. As MHC genes are subject to selective pressures, the maintenance of genetic variation is of particular interest in small, long-isolated populations. The results of this study may contribute to captive breeding and translocation programs for endangered species.

Project description:BackgroundEndogenous retroviruses (ERV) are remnants of former exogenous retroviruses that had previously invaded the germ line of the host that can be vertically transmitted across generations. While the majority of ERVs lack infectious capacity due to the accumulation of deleterious mutations, some ERVs remain active and produce potentially infectious viral particles. ERV sequences have been reported in all mammals; however, the distribution and diversity of ERVs in several primate taxa remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify and classify the ERV sequences in the genomes of the golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) and the black and white snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti), two endangered primate species that exploit high altitude (2,500-4,500 m) temperate forests in southern and central China.MethodsWe used a TBLASTN program to search the ERV sequences of golden snub-nosed monkey genome and the black and white snub-nosed monkey genome. We retrieved all complete accession sequences from the homology search and then used the program, RetroTector, to check and identify the ERV sequences.ResultsWe identified 284 and 263 endogenous retrovirus sequences in R. roxellana and R. bieti respectively. The proportion of full-length sequences of all ERV was 30% in R. roxellana and 21% in R. bieti and they were described as class I and class II or gamma-retrovirus and beta-retrovirus genera. The truncation pattern distribution in the two species was virtually identical. By analyzing and comparing ERV orthologues among 6 primate species, we identified the co-evolution of ERVs with their host. We also examined ERV-like sequences and found 48 such genes in R. roxellana and 63 in R. bieti. Some of those genes are associated with diseases, suggesting that ERVs might have involved the abnormal expression of certain genes that have contributed to deleterious consequences for the host.ConclusionsOur results indicate that ERV sequences are widely distributed in snub-nosed monkeys, and their phylogenetic history can mirror that of their hosts over long evolutionary time scales. In addition, ERV sequences appear to have an important influence on the evolution of host pathology.

Dataset Information

Complete genome sequence of a coxsackievirus B3 isolated from a Sichuan snub-nosed monkey.

Publications

Complete genome sequence of a coxsackievirus B3 isolated from a Sichuan snub-nosed monkey.

Similar Datasets

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