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Novel target genes and a valid biomarker panel identified for cholangiocarcinoma.

ABSTRACT: Cholangiocarcinoma is notoriously difficult to diagnose, and the mortality rate is high due to late clinical presentation. CpG island promoter methylation is frequently seen in cancer development. In the present study, we aimed at identifying novel epigenetic biomarkers with the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of cholangiocarcinoma. Microarray data analyses of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines treated with epigenetic drugs and their untreated counterparts were compared with previously published gene expression profiles of primary tumors and with non-malignant controls. Genes responding to the epigenetic treatment that were simultaneously downregulated in primary cholangiocarcinoma compared with controls (n = 43) were investigated for their promoter methylation status in cancer cell lines from the gastrointestinal tract. Genes commonly methylated in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines were subjected to quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in a total of 93 clinical samples (cholangiocarcinomas and non-malignant controls). CDO1, DCLK1, SFRP1 and ZSCAN18, displayed high methylation frequencies in primary tumors and were unmethylated in controls. At least one of these four biomarkers was positive in 87% of the tumor samples, with a specificity of 100%. In conclusion, the novel methylation-based biomarker panel showed high sensitivity and specificity for cholangiocarcinoma. The potential of these markers in early diagnosis of this cancer type should be further explored.

SUBMITTER: Andresen K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3499326 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Novel target genes and a valid biomarker panel identified for cholangiocarcinoma.

Andresen Kim K Boberg Kirsten Muri KM Vedeld Hege Marie HM Honne Hilde H Hektoen Merete M Wadsworth Chrisopher A CA Clausen Ole Petter OP Karlsen Tom Hemming TH Foss Aksel A Mathisen Oystein O Schrumpf Erik E Lothe Ragnhild A RA Lind Guro E GE

Epigenetics 20120914 11

Cholangiocarcinoma is notoriously difficult to diagnose, and the mortality rate is high due to late clinical presentation. CpG island promoter methylation is frequently seen in cancer development. In the present study, we aimed at identifying novel epigenetic biomarkers with the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of cholangiocarcinoma. Microarray data analyses of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines treated with epigenetic drugs and their untreated counterparts were compared with previously p ...[more]

PMID: 22983262

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Project description:BackgroundCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy that originates from bile duct cells. The incidence and mortality of CCA are very high especially in Southeast Asian countries. Moreover, most CCA patients have a very poor outcome. Presently, there are still no effective treatment regimens for CCA. The resistance to several standard chemotherapy drugs occurs frequently; thus, searching for a novel effective treatment for CCA is urgently needed.MethodsIn this study, comprehensive bioinformatics analyses for identification of novel target genes for CCA therapy based on three microarray gene expression profiles (GSE26566, GSE32225 and GSE76297) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were performed. Based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Protein-protein interactions (PPI) and hub gene identifications were analyzed using STRING and Cytoscape software. Then, the expression of candidate genes from bioinformatics analysis was measured in CCA cell lines using real time PCR. Finally, the anti-tumor activity of specific inhibitor against candidate genes were investigated in CCA cell lines cultured under 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional cell culture models.ResultsThe three microarray datasets exhibited an intersection consisting of 226 DEGs (124 up-regulated and 102 down-regulated genes) in CCA. DEGs were significantly enriched in cell cycle, hemostasis and metabolism pathways according to Reactome pathway analysis. In addition, 20 potential hub genes in CCA were identified using the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and sub-PPI network analysis. Subsequently, CDC20 was identified as a potential novel targeted drug for CCA based on a drug prioritizing program. In addition, the anti-tumor activity of a potential CDC20 inhibitor, namely dinaciclib, was investigated in CCA cell lines. Dinaciclib demonstrated huge anti-tumor activity better than gemcitabine, the standard chemotherapeutic drug for CCA.ConclusionUsing integrated bioinformatics analysis, CDC20 was identified as a novel candidate therapeutic target for CCA.

Project description:BACKGROUND: LEF1/TCF transcription factors and their activator ?-catenin are effectors of the canonical Wnt pathway. Although Wnt/?-catenin signaling has been implicated in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, its possible role in the adult brain remains enigmatic. To address this issue, we sought to identify the genetic program activated by ?-catenin in neurons. We recently showed that ?-catenin accumulates specifically in thalamic neurons where it activates Cacna1g gene expression. In the present study, we combined bioinformatics and experimental approaches to find new ?-catenin targets in the adult thalamus. RESULTS: We first selected the genes with at least two conserved LEF/TCF motifs within the regulatory elements. The resulting list of 428 putative LEF1/TCF targets was significantly enriched in known Wnt targets, validating our approach. Functional annotation of the presumed targets also revealed a group of 41 genes, heretofore not associated with Wnt pathway activity, that encode proteins involved in neuronal signal transmission. Using custom polymerase chain reaction arrays, we profiled the expression of these genes in the rat forebrain. We found that nine of the analyzed genes were highly expressed in the thalamus compared with the cortex and hippocampus. Removal of nuclear ?-catenin from thalamic neurons in vitro by introducing its negative regulator Axin2 reduced the expression of six of the nine genes. Immunoprecipitation of chromatin from the brain tissues confirmed the interaction between ?-catenin and some of the predicted LEF1/TCF motifs. The results of these experiments validated four genes as authentic and direct targets of ?-catenin: Gabra3 for the receptor of GABA neurotransmitter, Calb2 for the Ca(2+)-binding protein calretinin, and the Cacna1g and Kcna6 genes for voltage-gated ion channels. Two other genes from the latter cluster, Cacna2d2 and Kcnh8, appeared to be regulated by ?-catenin, although the binding of ?-catenin to the regulatory sequences of these genes could not be confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: In the thalamus, ?-catenin regulates the expression of a novel group of genes that encode proteins involved in neuronal excitation. This implies that the transcriptional activity of ?-catenin is necessary for the proper excitability of thalamic neurons, may influence activity in the thalamocortical circuit, and may contribute to thalamic pathologies.

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Novel target genes and a valid biomarker panel identified for cholangiocarcinoma.

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Novel target genes and a valid biomarker panel identified for cholangiocarcinoma.

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