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Risk factors of antibiotic misuse for upper respiratory tract infections in children: results from a cross-sectional knowledge-attitude-practice study in Greece.

ABSTRACT: Background. Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are common in children. The cause of URTIs is usually viral, but parents' attitudes often contribute to inappropriate prescription of antibiotics, promoting antibiotic resistance. The objective of this study was to identify possible risk factors associated with antibiotic misuse in Greece, a country with high levels of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance. Methods. A knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) questionnaire was developed and distributed to Greek parents caring for children who were 5-6 years old, between January and July of the same school year. Results. The sample of the study contained 5312 parents from all geographic areas of Greece. The risk factors of being a father, having low education, having immigrant status, being a single parent, having low income, having <2 or >3 children, living in the islands, and being without experience in recurrent URTIs were significantly associated to inadequate knowledge, inappropriate attitudes, and wrong practices. Conclusions. This study has identified the main groups of parents that should be targeted in future intervention programs.

SUBMITTER: Panagakou SG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3503327 | biostudies-literature | 2012

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Risk factors of antibiotic misuse for upper respiratory tract infections in children: results from a cross-sectional knowledge-attitude-practice study in Greece.

Panagakou Sotiria G SG Papaevangelou Vassiliki V Chadjipanayis Adamos A Syrogiannopoulos George A GA Theodoridou Maria M Hadjichristodoulou Christos S CS

ISRN pediatrics 20121101

Background. Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are common in children. The cause of URTIs is usually viral, but parents' attitudes often contribute to inappropriate prescription of antibiotics, promoting antibiotic resistance. The objective of this study was to identify possible risk factors associated with antibiotic misuse in Greece, a country with high levels of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance. Methods. A knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) questionnaire was developed and distr ...[more]

PMID: 23209933

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Project description:BackgroundGood knowledge and appropriate attitude and practice about antibiotic use and resistance among the general population, are significant contributors to minimize the development of antibiotic resistance. We aimed to study the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding antibiotic use, resistance to upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), and associated factors with KAP, among the population attending a mass gathering in India.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 during a mass gathering held in Ujjain city of Central India. A self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire consisting of 28 questions was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, KAP related to antibiotic use, resistance, and URTI. Descriptive analyses were used to describe participants' responses. Participants were divided into poor or good knowledge and appropriate or inappropriate groups of attitude and practice. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between demographic characteristics, URTI knowledge, and each domain of KAP. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata 16.0. The significance level was set at 5%.ResultsA total of 1915 participants consented to participate (response rate 92.7%) with a mean age of 39.3 (±14.7). Complete data on socio-demographics were available for 1619 participants. Of these, 59% were male, and 61% had an education level below high school. Eighty-nine percent of participants had poor knowledge about URTI. A majority of the respondents defined antibiotics incorrectly (93%) and were classified as having poor knowledge (97%). Most of the participants (63%) could not mention any contributors to the irrational use of antibiotics. Appropriate attitudes were observed in 40% of participants, 87% denied to comply with the prescribed course of antibiotics and 88.5% had inappropriate responses for practice. Age of the respondent, sex, education, occupation, and knowledge about URTI, were the main factors associated with the KAP.ConclusionsKAP about antibiotic use and resistance among the general population in India was poor. Knowledge about URTI is strongly associated with KAP. Community interventions, i.e., educational campaigns, should be designed and implemented promptly considering the differences in demographics of the target audience.

Project description:OBJECTIVES:To investigate if use of antibiotics was associated with bacterial complications following upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). DESIGN:Ecological time-trend analysis and a prospective cohort study. SETTING:Primary, outpatient specialist and inpatient care in Stockholm County, Sweden. All analyses were based on administrative healthcare data on consultations, diagnoses and dispensed antibiotics from January 2006 to January 2016. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Ecological time-trend analysis: 10-year trend analyses of the incidence of URTIs, bacterial infections/complications and respiratory antibiotic use. Prospective cohort study: Incidence of bacterial complications following URTIs in antibiotic-exposed and non-exposed patients. RESULTS:The utilisation of respiratory tract antibiotics decreased by 22% from 2006 to 2015, but no increased trend for mastoiditis (p=0.0933), peritonsillar abscess (p=0.0544), invasive group A streptococcal disease (p=0.3991), orbital abscess (p=0.9637), extradural and subdural abscesses (p=0.4790) and pansinusitis (p=0.3971) was observed. For meningitis and acute ethmoidal sinusitis, a decrease in the numbers of infections from 2006 to 2015 was observed (p=0.0038 and p=0.0003, respectively), and for retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses, an increase was observed (p=0.0214). Bacterial complications following URTIs were uncommon in both antibiotic-exposed (less than 1.5 per 10 000 episodes) and non-exposed patients (less than 1.3 per 10 000 episodes) with the exception of peritonsillar abscess after tonsillitis (risk per 10 000 tonsillitis episodes: 32.4 and 41.1 in patients with no antibiotic treatment and patients treated with antibiotics, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:Bacterial complications following URTIs are rare, and antibiotics may lack protective effect in preventing bacterial complications. Analyses of routinely collected administrative healthcare data can provide valuable information on the number of URTIs, antibiotic use and bacterial complications to patients, prescribers and policy-makers.

Dataset Information

Risk factors of antibiotic misuse for upper respiratory tract infections in children: results from a cross-sectional knowledge-attitude-practice study in Greece.

Publications

Risk factors of antibiotic misuse for upper respiratory tract infections in children: results from a cross-sectional knowledge-attitude-practice study in Greece.

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