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Ion-beam irradiation, gene identification, and marker-assisted breeding in the development of low-cadmium rice.

ABSTRACT: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain is a major dietary source of cadmium (Cd), which is toxic to humans, but no practical technique exists to substantially reduce Cd contamination. Carbon ion-beam irradiation produced three rice mutants with <0.05 mg Cd?kg(-1) in the grain compared with a mean of 1.73 mg Cd?kg(-1) in the parent, Koshihikari. We identified the gene responsible for reduced Cd uptake and developed a strategy for marker-assisted selection of low-Cd cultivars. Sequence analysis revealed that these mutants have different mutations of the same gene (OsNRAMP5), which encodes a natural resistance-associated macrophage protein. Functional analysis revealed that the defective transporter protein encoded by the mutant osnramp5 greatly decreases Cd uptake by roots, resulting in decreased Cd in the straw and grain. In addition, we developed DNA markers to facilitate marker-assisted selection of cultivars carrying osnramp5. When grown in Cd-contaminated paddy fields, the mutants have nearly undetectable Cd in their grains and exhibit no agriculturally or economically adverse traits. Because mutants produced by ion-beam radiation are not transgenic plants, they are likely to be accepted by consumers and thus represent a practical choice for rice production worldwide.

SUBMITTER: Ishikawa S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3511095 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ion-beam irradiation, gene identification, and marker-assisted breeding in the development of low-cadmium rice.

Ishikawa Satoru S Ishimaru Yasuhiro Y Igura Masato M Kuramata Masato M Abe Tadashi T Senoura Takeshi T Hase Yoshihiro Y Arao Tomohito T Nishizawa Naoko K NK Nakanishi Hiromi H

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20121106 47

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain is a major dietary source of cadmium (Cd), which is toxic to humans, but no practical technique exists to substantially reduce Cd contamination. Carbon ion-beam irradiation produced three rice mutants with <0.05 mg Cd⋅kg(-1) in the grain compared with a mean of 1.73 mg Cd⋅kg(-1) in the parent, Koshihikari. We identified the gene responsible for reduced Cd uptake and developed a strategy for marker-assisted selection of low-Cd cultivars. Sequence analysis revealed tha ...[more]

PMID: 23132948

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Project description:Breeding low phytate crops is the most viable solution to tackle mineral deficiencies. The objective of the present study was to develop high yielding, low phytate (lpa) basmati rice cultivars. Three homozygous lpa mutants, Lpa5, Lpa9, and Lpa59, were developed through induced mutations (gamma rays 60Co) and identified by colorimetric and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. These mutants showed 54%-63% reduction in phytic acid but had poor germination and yield. To improve these traits, hybridization and back cross breeding involving Lpa5, Lpa59, and parent cultivar Super Basmati were performed and F2:3, F3:4, BC1F2:3, and BC1F3:4 generations were developed and screened to target the objective. Within the F2:3, homozygous (226), heterozygous (65), and wild type (46) lpa recombinants were identified. Within the homozygous lpa category, four recombinants (Lpa5, Lpa6, Lpa7, and Lpa30) showed improved germination. Within the F3:4 generation, 86 homozygous lpa recombinants were identified. Further selection, on the basis of better plant type and the low phytate trait resulted in the selection of 38 recombinants. Grain quality and cooking characteristics of these selected recombinants were comparable as compared to parent cultivar. Within the BC1F2:3 generations, two homozygous Lpa recombinant lines, Lpa141, and Lpa205, were selected out of 220. Screening of the BC1F3:4 generation for the desirable agronomic and low phytate trait also resulted in the selection of two homozygous lines. Finally, seven recombinants i.e. Lpa12-3, Lpa111-1, Lpa141, Lpa56-3, Lpa53-4, Lpa99-2, and Lpa205-4 out of 42 homozygous low phytate lines were selected on the basis of yield improvement (4%-18%) as compared to parent cultivar. Association analysis suggested that further selection based on primary branches per plant, panicle length and productive tillers per plant would further improve the paddy yield. For molecular characterization of the Lpa trait, previously reported Lpa1-CAPS and Lpa1-InDel and functional molecular markers were applied. Results indicated the absence of the Z9B-Lpa allele and XS-Lpa mutation in the OsMRP5 gene in tested mutants, possibly suggesting that there may be new mutations or novel alleles in tested mutants that need to be identified and then fine mapped for subsequent utilization. To our knowledge, this is the first report of low phytic acid rice mutant development and their improved germination and yield through backcross breeding in basmati rice.

Dataset Information

Ion-beam irradiation, gene identification, and marker-assisted breeding in the development of low-cadmium rice.

Publications

Ion-beam irradiation, gene identification, and marker-assisted breeding in the development of low-cadmium rice.

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