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BrdU birth dating can produce errors in cell fate specification in chick brain development.

ABSTRACT: Birth dating neurons with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling is an established method widely employed by neurobiologists to study cell proliferation in embryonic, postnatal, and adult brain. Birth dating studies in the chick dorsal telencephalon and the mammalian striatum have suggested that these structures develop in a strikingly similar manner, in which neurons with the same birth date aggregate to form "isochronic clusters." Here we show that isochronic cluster formation in the chick dorsal telencephalon is an artifact. In embryos given standardly employed doses of BrdU, we observed isochronic clusters but found that clusters were absent with BrdU doses close to the limits of detection. In addition, in situ hybridization experiments established that neurons in the clusters display errors in cell type specification: BrdU cell clusters in nidopallium adopted a mesopallial neuronal fate, mesopallial clusters were misspecified as nidopallial cells, and in some instances, the BrdU clusters failed to express neuronal differentiation markers characteristic of the dorsal telencephalon. These results demonstrate that the chick dorsal telencephalon does not develop by isochronic cluster formation and highlight the need to test the integrity of BrdU-treated tissue with gene expression markers of regional and cell type identity.

SUBMITTER: Rowell JJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3524571 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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BrdU birth dating can produce errors in cell fate specification in chick brain development.

Rowell Joanna J JJ Ragsdale Clifton W CW

The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society 20120802 11

Birth dating neurons with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling is an established method widely employed by neurobiologists to study cell proliferation in embryonic, postnatal, and adult brain. Birth dating studies in the chick dorsal telencephalon and the mammalian striatum have suggested that these structures develop in a strikingly similar manner, in which neurons with the same birth date aggregate to form "isochronic clusters." Here we show that isochronic cluster formation in the chick dorsal t ...[more]

PMID: 22859704

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Project description:BackgroundChick definitive endoderm is an important source of signals that pattern the early embryo forming a central structure around which the body plan is constructed. Although the origin of definitive endoderm has been mapped in the chick, arising principally from rostral streak at elongating streak stages, it is not known when this layer first becomes fully committed to its germ layer fate, an important issue to resolve in light of its critical role in subsequent patterning of the early embryo.ResultsThrough gene expression screening of chick gastrula, we identified molecular markers of definitive endoderm restricted to rostral (Sox17) and caudal (Gata5/6) regions, suggesting that at least two subpopulations of definitive endodermal cells exist during ingression. We show (1) that presumptive mesoderm cells migrate to the middle layer and remain mesenchymal when transplanted to rostral primitive streak, and prospective endoderm cells enter the lower layer and become epithelial when transplanted to caudal primitive streak; and (2) that presumptive endoderm cells and mesoderm cells lose normal gene expression (Sox17 and Wnt8c, respectively) when transplanted outside of their normal position of origin. Moreover, when rostral or caudal primitive streak segments are transplanted into rostral blastoderm isolates (RBIs), both types of transplants express Sox17 4-6 hours later--consistent with their new position, regardless of their presumptive germ layer origin--and prospective mesoderm transplants, which normally express Wnt8c, turn off expression, suggesting that signals within the rostral blastoderm induce endoderm gene expression, and repress mesoderm gene expression, during gastrulation.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that germ layer identity is fixed at the time populations of endoderm and mesoderm cells ingress through the primitive streak, whereas their gene expression patterns remain labile. In addition, our results show that inductive and repressive signals are present, and that these signals regulate gene expression of both ingressed endoderm and mesoderm cells. Thus, gastrula cells display elements of both pre-patterning and plasticity, with endoderm the first germ layer becoming committed to its fate during early gastrulation stages.

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BrdU birth dating can produce errors in cell fate specification in chick brain development.

Publications

BrdU birth dating can produce errors in cell fate specification in chick brain development.

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