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The enzymes of biotin dependent CO? metabolism: what structures reveal about their reaction mechanisms.


ABSTRACT: Biotin is the major cofactor involved in carbon dioxide metabolism. Indeed, biotin-dependent enzymes are ubiquitous in nature and are involved in a myriad of metabolic processes including fatty acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis. The cofactor, itself, is composed of a ureido ring, a tetrahydrothiophene ring, and a valeric acid side chain. It is the ureido ring that functions as the CO? carrier. A complete understanding of biotin-dependent enzymes is critically important for translational research in light of the fact that some of these enzymes serve as targets for anti-obesity agents, antibiotics, and herbicides. Prior to 1990, however, there was a dearth of information regarding the molecular architectures of biotin-dependent enzymes. In recent years there has been an explosion in the number of three-dimensional structures reported for these proteins. Here we review our current understanding of the structures and functions of biotin-dependent enzymes. In addition, we provide a critical analysis of what these structures have and have not revealed about biotin-dependent catalysis.

SUBMITTER: Waldrop GL 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3527699 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The enzymes of biotin dependent CO₂ metabolism: what structures reveal about their reaction mechanisms.

Waldrop Grover L GL   Holden Hazel M HM   St Maurice Martin M  

Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 20121101 11


Biotin is the major cofactor involved in carbon dioxide metabolism. Indeed, biotin-dependent enzymes are ubiquitous in nature and are involved in a myriad of metabolic processes including fatty acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis. The cofactor, itself, is composed of a ureido ring, a tetrahydrothiophene ring, and a valeric acid side chain. It is the ureido ring that functions as the CO₂ carrier. A complete understanding of biotin-dependent enzymes is critically important for translational researc  ...[more]

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