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Calcium intake and lung cancer risk among female nonsmokers: a report from the Shanghai Women's Health Study.

ABSTRACT: Calcium has been implicated in carcinogenesis and linked to the risk of several cancers in epidemiologic studies; however, few studies have investigated the association of calcium intake with lung cancer risk, particularly among nonsmokers.We evaluated the association of intakes of calcium and related minerals, assessed through a food frequency questionnaire, with lung cancer risk among 71,267 female nonsmokers who were cancer free at baseline in the Shanghai Women's Health Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study. Multivariate Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).During follow-up through December 2009 (median follow-up time: 11.2 years), 428 incident lung cancer cases accrued. The median intakes of dietary calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were 441, 266, and 935 mg/d, respectively. Intakes of calcium, phosphorus, and the calcium-to-magnesium (Ca:Mg) ratio were inversely associated with lung cancer risk. The corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for the highest compared with the lowest quartile were 0.66 (0.48, 0.91) for calcium, 0.55 (0.36, 0.85) for phosphorus, and 0.62 (0.47, 0.82) for the Ca:Mg ratio. No association was observed for dietary magnesium intake or the use of calcium- or vitamin D-containing supplements.Our study provides some of the first evidence suggesting a possible role for increasing dietary calcium intake in lung cancer prevention among female nonsmokers, especially in populations with relatively low calcium intake.

SUBMITTER: Takata Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3538907 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Calcium intake and lung cancer risk among female nonsmokers: a report from the Shanghai Women's Health Study.

Takata Yumie Y Shu Xiao-Ou XO Yang Gong G Li Honglan H Dai Qi Q Gao Jing J Cai Qiuyin Q Gao Yu-Tang YT Zheng Wei W

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 20121023 1

<h4>Background</h4>Calcium has been implicated in carcinogenesis and linked to the risk of several cancers in epidemiologic studies; however, few studies have investigated the association of calcium intake with lung cancer risk, particularly among nonsmokers.<h4>Methods</h4>We evaluated the association of intakes of calcium and related minerals, assessed through a food frequency questionnaire, with lung cancer risk among 71,267 female nonsmokers who were cancer free at baseline in the Shanghai W ...[more]

PMID: 23093548

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Project description:Nutrient-related anemia among postmenopausal women is preventable; recent data on prevalence are limited.To investigate the association between nutrient intakes and anemia prevalence, in relation to both incidence and persistence, in a longitudinal sample of postmenopausal women. We hypothesized that anemia prevalence, incidence, and persistence would be greater among women reporting lower intake of vitamin B-12, folate, and iron.Prospective cohort analysis.The observational cohort of the Women's Health Initiative, including 93,676 postmenopausal women, aged 50 to 79 years, who were recruited across the United States at 40 clinical study sites. Women were enrolled between 1993 and 1998; data collection for these analyses continued through 2000.Anemia was defined as a blood hemoglobin concentration of <12.0 g/dL (120.0 g/L). Persistent anemia was defined as anemia present at each measurement time point. Diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire for iron, folate, B-12, red meat, and cold breakfast cereal; inadequacies were based on dietary reference intakes for women older than age 50 years.Descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation) were used to characterize the population demographics, anemia rates, and diet. Unconditional logistic regression was used to investigate associations between diet and incident and persistent anemia. Associations are presented as odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals.Anemia was identified in 3,979 (5.5%) of the cohort. Inadequate intakes of multiple anemia-associated nutrients were less frequent in non-Hispanic whites (7.4%) than other race/ethnic groups (inadequacies demonstrated in 14.6% to 16.3% of the sample). Age, body mass index, and smoking were associated with anemia. Women with anemia reported lower intakes of energy, protein, folate, vitamin B-12, iron, vitamin C, and red meat. Multiple (more than a single nutrient) dietary deficiencies were associated with a 21% greater risk of persistent anemia (odds ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.41) and three deficiencies resulted in a 44% increase in risk for persistent anemia (odds ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.20 to 1.73).Inadequate nutrient intake, a modifiable condition, is associated with greater risk for anemia in postmenopausal women participating in the Observational Study of the Women's Health Initiative. Efforts to identify and update incidence estimates for anemia-associated nutrient deficiencies in aging women should be undertaken.

Dataset Information

Calcium intake and lung cancer risk among female nonsmokers: a report from the Shanghai Women's Health Study.

Publications

Calcium intake and lung cancer risk among female nonsmokers: a report from the Shanghai Women's Health Study.

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