Dataset Information

A new species of the lenticel fungal genus Claviradulomyces (Ostropales) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest tree Xylopia sericea (Annonaceae).

ABSTRACT: Claviradulomyces xylopiae sp. nov. is introduced for a fungus occurring in association with abnormal (enlarged, spongy) lenticels of Xylopia sericea (Annonaceae), a common tree of the Atlantic forest and Cerrado ecosystems in Brazil. This is the second species described in the genus and, although it is morphologically distinct from the type species, C. dabeicola from West Africa, it possesses the same characteristics. Apothecial ascomata have periphysoids and paraphyses that are inflated apically (clavate), and ornamented with denticles (raduliform). Furthermore, similar to the type species, it also has long-cylindric or acerose, aseptate ascospores and conidia. An additional asexual morph was produced in culture and is described. Molecular studies of C. dabeicola and the new species confirmed a placement in Ostropales, although a relationship to Odontotremataceae was not supported. Both species were consistently in association with abnormal lenticular development on their woody hosts. It remains to be ascertained, however, if these are the causal agents of the bark disorders, or, simply, opportunistic colonisers. The finding of the second species in the genus Claviradulomyces on a plant from a distantly related family to that of the host of C. dabeicola (Erythroxylaceae) for the genus on a different continent suggests that fungi in this genus may be common on lenticels of other woody plants, and could even have a pantropical distribution. It is possible that fungi in the genus have remained unreported until now because lenticels have remained neglected as a habitat surveyed by mycologists.

SUBMITTER: Barreto RW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3539316 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A new species of the lenticel fungal genus Claviradulomyces (Ostropales) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest tree Xylopia sericea (Annonaceae).

Barreto Robert W RW Johnston Peter R PR Crous Pedro W PW Evans Harry C HC

IMA fungus 20121115 2

Claviradulomyces xylopiae sp. nov. is introduced for a fungus occurring in association with abnormal (enlarged, spongy) lenticels of Xylopia sericea (Annonaceae), a common tree of the Atlantic forest and Cerrado ecosystems in Brazil. This is the second species described in the genus and, although it is morphologically distinct from the type species, C. dabeicola from West Africa, it possesses the same characteristics. Apothecial ascomata have periphysoids and paraphyses that are inflated apicall ...[more]

PMID: 23355966

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Project description:A revision of the 45 species of the pantropical genus Xylopia in Tropical Africa includes descriptions of six new species and a new section of the genus. The fruits and seeds of Xylopia show specializations that promote vertebrate dispersal, primarily by hornbills and monkeys. Over half of the African species have an Area of Occupancy (AOO) less than 80 km2, suggesting that they are in need of protection. African species are classified into five sections. Section Neoxylopia , with four species, is centered in the Guineo-Congolian Region and includes X.globosasp. nov. Section Ancistropetala, with three species, occurs in the same region. Both of these sections are endemic to Africa. Section Xylopia, which extends to Madagascar and the American tropics, has only a single species in Africa, X.aethiopica. The three species of section Verdcourtiasect. nov. are restricted to the East African coast and Madagascar. The largest number of African species, (34) belong to section Stenoxylopia, in which the seeds lack the arils found in the other sections and instead have a fleshy sarcotesta. Section Stenoxylopia is divided into two informal groups, one centered in eastern and southern Africa (X.odoratissima group) and the other centered in the wetter forests of western and central Africa (X.acutiflora group). Five new species are described in section Stenoxylopia: Xylopianiloticasp. nov. from Sudan, South Sudan, and Uganda, Xylopiacalvasp. nov. from Nigeria and Cameroon, which is allied to X.phloiodora, and Xylopiamonticolasp. nov. from Nigeria and Cameroon, X.pirataesp. nov. from Ivory Coast and Ghana, and X.unguiculatasp. nov. from Gabon. The latter three species are segregates of the former Xylopiaacutiflora s. l. One new combination is made at the species level, X.shirensiscomb. nov. Keys, descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, and an index to numbered collections document diversity and assist with species identification. The name Unonaoliveriana Baill. was found to pre-date the name Unonalepidota Oliv., requiring the combination Meiocarpidiumoliverianumcomb. nov.

Project description:The cutaneous microbiota of amphibians can be defined as a biological component of protection, since it can be composed of bacteria that produce antimicrobial compounds. Several factors influence skin microbial structure and it is possible that environmental variations are among one of these factors, perhaps through physical-chemical variations in the skin. This community, therefore, is likely modified in habitats in which some ecophysiological parameters are altered, as in fragmented forests. Our research goal was to compare the skin bacterial community of four anuran species of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil in landscapes from two different environments: continuous forest and fragmented forest. The guiding hypotheses were: 1) microbial communities of anuran skin vary among sympatric frog species of the Atlantic forest; 2) the degree to which forested areas are intact affects the cutaneous bacterial community of amphibians. If the external environment influences the skin microbiota, and if such influences affect microorganisms capable of inhibiting the colonization of pathogens, we expect consequences for the protection of host individuals. We compared bacterial communities based on richness and density of colony forming units; investigated the antimicrobial potential of isolated strains; and did the taxonomic identification of isolated morphotypes. We collected 188 individual frogs belonging to the species Proceratophrys boiei, Dendropsophus minutus, Aplastodiscus leucopygius and Phyllomedusa distincta, and isolated 221 bacterial morphotypes. Our results demonstrate variation in the skin microbiota of sympatric amphibians, but only one frog species exhibited differences in the bacterial communities between populations from fragmented and continuous forest. Therefore, the variation we observed is probably derived from both intrinsic aspects of the host amphibian species and extrinsic aspects of the environment occupied by the host. Finally, we detected antimicrobial activity in 27 morphotypes of bacteria isolated from all four amphibian species.

Dataset Information

A new species of the lenticel fungal genus Claviradulomyces (Ostropales) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest tree Xylopia sericea (Annonaceae).

Publications

A new species of the lenticel fungal genus Claviradulomyces (Ostropales) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest tree Xylopia sericea (Annonaceae).

Similar Datasets

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