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CcpA-independent glucose regulation of lactate dehydrogenase 1 in Staphylococcus aureus.

ABSTRACT: Lactate Dehydrogenase 1 (Ldh1) is a key enzyme involved in Staphylococcus aureus NO·-resistance. Full ldh1-induction requires the presence of glucose, and mutants lacking the Carbon-Catabolite Protein (CcpA) exhibit decreased ldh1 transcription and diminished Ldh1 activity. The redox-regulator Rex represses ldh1 directly by binding to Rex-sites within the ldh1 promoter (P(ldh1)). In the absence of Rex, neither glucose nor CcpA affect ldh1 expression implying that glucose/CcpA-mediated activation requires Rex activity. Rex-mediated repression of ldh1 depends on cellular redox status and is maximal when NADH levels are low. However, compared to WT cells, the ?ccpA mutant exhibited impaired redox balance with relatively high NADH levels, yet ldh1 was still poorly expressed. Furthermore, CcpA did not drastically alter Rex transcript levels, nor did glucose or CcpA affect the expression of other Rex-regulated genes indicating that the glucose/CcpA effect is specific for P(ldh1). A putative catabolite response element (CRE) is located ?30 bp upstream of the promoter-distal Rex-binding site in P(ldh1). However, CcpA had no affinity for P(ldh1) in vitro and a genomic mutation of CRE upstream of P(ldh1) in S. aureus had no affect on Ldh1 expression in vivo. In contrast to WT, ?ccpA S. aureus preferentially consumes non-glycolytic carbon sources. However when grown in defined medium with glucose as the primary carbon source, ?ccpA mutants express high levels of Ldh1 compared to growth in media devoid of glucose. Thus, the actual consumption of glucose stimulates Ldh1 expression rather than direct CcpA interaction at P(ldh1).

SUBMITTER: Crooke AK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3544828 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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CcpA-independent glucose regulation of lactate dehydrogenase 1 in Staphylococcus aureus.

Crooke Adrianne K AK Fuller James R JR Obrist Markus W MW Tomkovich Sarah E SE Vitko Nicholas P NP Richardson Anthony R AR

PloS one 20130114 1

Lactate Dehydrogenase 1 (Ldh1) is a key enzyme involved in Staphylococcus aureus NO·-resistance. Full ldh1-induction requires the presence of glucose, and mutants lacking the Carbon-Catabolite Protein (CcpA) exhibit decreased ldh1 transcription and diminished Ldh1 activity. The redox-regulator Rex represses ldh1 directly by binding to Rex-sites within the ldh1 promoter (P(ldh1)). In the absence of Rex, neither glucose nor CcpA affect ldh1 expression implying that glucose/CcpA-mediated activation ...[more]

PMID: 23342123

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Project description:The death and lysis of a subpopulation of Staphylococcus aureus cells during biofilm development benefit the whole bacterial population through the release of an important component of the biofilm matrix, extracellular DNA. Previously, we have demonstrated that these processes are affected by the gene products of the cidABC operon, the expression of which is controlled by the LysR-type transcriptional regulator, CidR. In this study, we characterized cis- and trans-acting elements essential for the induction of the cidABC operon. In addition to a CidR-binding site located within the cidABC promoter region, sequence analysis revealed the presence of a putative catabolite responsive element (cre box), suggestive of the involvement of the catabolite control protein A (CcpA) in the regulation of cidABC expression. This was confirmed using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and real-time reverse transcriptase PCR analysis demonstrating the direct positive control of cidABC transcription by the master regulator of carbon metabolism. Furthermore, the importance of CcpA and the identified cre site for the induction of the cidABC operon was demonstrated by examining the expression of P cidABC-lacZ reporter fusions in various mutant strains in which the genes involved in carbon metabolism and carbon catabolite repression were disrupted. Together the results of this study demonstrate the necessity of both transcriptional regulators, CidR and CcpA, for the induction of the cidABC operon and reveal the complexity of molecular interactions controlling its expression.IMPORTANCE This work focuses on the characterization of cis- and trans-acting elements essential for the induction of the cidABC operon in S. aureus The results of this study are the first to demonstrate the synergistic control of cidABC expression by transcriptional regulators CidR and CcpA during carbohydrate metabolism. We established that the full induction of cidABC expression depends on the metabolic state of bacteria and requires both CidR and CcpA. Together, these findings delineate regulatory control of cidABC expression under different metabolic conditions and provide important new insights into our understanding of cell death mechanisms during biofilm development in S. aureus.

Dataset Information

CcpA-independent glucose regulation of lactate dehydrogenase 1 in Staphylococcus aureus.

Publications

CcpA-independent glucose regulation of lactate dehydrogenase 1 in Staphylococcus aureus.

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