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OASIS/CREB3L1 is induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress in human glioma cell lines and contributes to the unfolded protein response, extracellular matrix production and cell migration.

ABSTRACT: OASIS is a transcription factor similar to ATF6 that is activated by endoplasmic reticulum stress. In this study we investigated the expression of OASIS in human glioma cell lines and the effect of OASIS knock-down on the ER stress response and cell migration. OASIS mRNA was detected in three distinct glioma cell lines (U373, A172 and U87) and expression levels were increased upon treatment with ER stress-inducing compounds in the U373 and U87 lines. OASIS protein, which is glycosylated on Asn-513, was detected in the U373 and U87 glioma lines at low levels in control cells and protein expression was induced by ER stress. Knock-down of OASIS in human glioma cell lines resulted in an attenuated unfolded protein response to ER stress (reduced GRP78/BiP and GRP94 induction) and decreased expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan extracellular matrix proteins, but induction of the collagen gene Col1a1 was unaffected. Cells in which OASIS was knocked-down exhibited altered cell morphology and reduced cell migration. These results suggest that OASIS is important for the ER stress response and maintenance of some extracellular matrix proteins in human glioma cells.

SUBMITTER: Vellanki RN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3545929 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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OASIS/CREB3L1 induces expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix production but not classical endoplasmic reticulum stress response genes in pancreatic beta-cells.

Project description:Old astrocyte specifically induced substance (OASIS) has previously been shown to be a putative endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor in astrocytes with a mechanism of activation that is similar to ATF6. In this study we investigated the expression and activation of endogenous and overexpressed OASIS in pancreatic beta-cells. OASIS mRNA expression was detected in pancreatic beta-cell lines and rodent islets, and the expression level was up-regulated by ER stress-inducing compounds. Endogenous OASIS protein, however, is expressed at low levels in pancreatic beta-cell lines and rodent islets, possibly due to abundant levels of the micro-RNA miR-140 present in these cells. In contrast, expression of both full-length and cleaved (active) OASIS was readily detectable in the developing mouse pancreas (embryonic d 15.5). Microarray analysis after expression of an active nuclear-localized version of OASIS in an inducible INS-1 beta-cell line resulted in the up-regulation of many genes implicated in extracellular matrix production and protein transport but not classical ER stress response genes. Consistent with this, expression of active OASIS failed to induce glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa promoter activity in pancreatic beta-cells. These results suggest that the repertoire of genes induced by OASIS is cell type-dependent and that the OASIS protein may have a role in pancreas development.

| S-EPMC2940493 | biostudies-literature

Upregulation of OASIS/CREB3L1 in podocytes contributes to the disturbance of kidney homeostasis.

Project description:Podocyte injury is involved in the onset and progression of various kidney diseases. We previously demonstrated that the transcription factor, old astrocyte specifically induced substance (OASIS) in myofibroblasts, contributes to kidney fibrosis, as a novel role of OASIS in the kidneys. Importantly, we found that OASIS is also expressed in podocytes; however, the pathophysiological significance of OASIS in podocytes remains unknown. Upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, there is an increase in OASIS in murine podocytes. Enhanced serum creatinine levels and tubular injury, but not albuminuria and podocyte injury, are attenuated upon podocyte-restricted OASIS knockout in LPS-treated mice, as well as diabetic mice. The protective effects of podocyte-specific OASIS deficiency on tubular injury are mediated by protein kinase C iota (PRKCI/PKCι), which is negatively regulated by OASIS in podocytes. Furthermore, podocyte-restricted OASIS transgenic mice show tubular injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, with severe albuminuria and podocyte degeneration. Finally, there is an increase in OASIS-positive podocytes in the glomeruli of patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome and diabetic nephropathy. Taken together, OASIS in podocytes contributes to podocyte and/or tubular injury, in part through decreased PRKCI. The induction of OASIS in podocytes is a critical event for the disturbance of kidney homeostasis.

| S-EPMC9307819 | biostudies-literature

Systemic signaling contributes to the unfolded protein response of the plant endoplasmic reticulum.

Project description:The unfolded protein response (UPR) of the endoplasmic reticulum constitutes a conserved and essential cytoprotective pathway designed to survive biotic and abiotic stresses that alter the proteostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum. The UPR is typically considered cell-autonomous and it is yet unclear whether it can also act systemically through non-cell autonomous signaling. We have addressed this question using a genetic approach coupled with micro-grafting and a suite of molecular reporters in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that the UPR has a non-cell autonomous component, and we demonstrate that this is partially mediated by the intercellular movement of the UPR transcription factor bZIP60 facilitating systemic UPR signaling. Therefore, in multicellular eukaryotes such as plants, non-cell autonomous UPR signaling relies on the systemic movement of at least a UPR transcriptional modulator.

| S-EPMC6156401 | biostudies-literature

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR)

Project description:We are currently studying how these information-carrying oligosaccharides are involved in cellular stress responses, particularly in human genetic diseases called Congenital Disorders Of Glycosylation in which oligosaccharide assembly is defective. We are interested in endoplasmic stress responses/unfolded protein responses. ER glycans and ER lectins are intimately involved in the folding of ER proteins. Therefore, ER lectins and ER glycosyltransferases may be controlled by these stress responses, to produce and/or recognize key glycans in the stress response. Our model system is the human dermal fibroblast. We have successfully calibrated the ER stress responses in these cells by determining the magnitudes of various stress effects (such as chaperone transcription) with different forms of ER stress. We are also completing a study in which activation the signaling molecules Ire1 and ATF6 are also calibrated. We prepared multiple identical aliquots of RNA from cells stressed under several of these calibrated conditions. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR): Study of the role of ER stress in the expression of genes for ER transferases and lectins that participate in ER folding and quality control using human skin fibroblasts. The UPR response in these cells has been calibrated using various readouts in response to different stresses: 1) 40 nM L-azetidine-2-carboxylate (AZC) 1 hour, 2) 0.2 mg/ml castanospermine, 24 hours, 3) 2 mM Dithiothreitol (DTT), 20 minutes, 4) 100nm Thapsigargin (TG), 30 minutes, 5) 5 ug/ml tunicamycin, 5 hours, 6) untreated control cells

2011-02-17 | E-GEOD-27349 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Endoplasmic reticulum stress sensing in the unfolded protein response.

Project description:Secretory and transmembrane proteins enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as unfolded proteins and exit as either folded proteins in transit to their target organelles or as misfolded proteins targeted for degradation. The unfolded protein response (UPR) maintains the protein-folding homeostasis within the ER, ensuring that the protein-folding capacity of the ER meets the load of client proteins. Activation of the UPR depends on three ER stress sensor proteins, Ire1, PERK, and ATF6. Although the consequences of activation are well understood, how these sensors detect ER stress remains unclear. Recent evidence suggests that yeast Ire1 directly binds to unfolded proteins, which induces its oligomerization and activation. BiP dissociation from Ire1 regulates this oligomeric equilibrium, ultimately modulating Ire1's sensitivity and duration of activation. The mechanistic principles of ER stress sensing are the focus of this review.

| S-EPMC3578356 | biostudies-literature

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR)

2011-02-17 | GSE27349 | GEO

Endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response and altered T cell differentiation in necrotizing enterocolitis.

Project description:Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) play important roles in chronic intestinal inflammation. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in preterm infants and is characterized by acute intestinal inflammation and necrosis. The objective of the study is to investigate the role of ER stress and the UPR in NEC patients.Ileal tissues from NEC and control patients were obtained during surgical resection and/or at stoma closure. Splicing of XBP1 was detected using PCR, and gene expression was quantified using qPCR and Western blot.Splicing of XBP1 was only detected in a subset of acute NEC (A-NEC) patients, and not in NEC patients who had undergone reanastomosis (R-NEC). The other ER stress and the UPR pathways, PERK and ATF6, were not activated in NEC patients. A-NEC patients showing XBP1 splicing (A-NEC-XBP1s) had increased mucosal expression of GRP78, CHOP, IL6 and IL8. Similar results were obtained by inducing ER stress and the UPR in vitro. A-NEC-XBP1s patients showed altered T cell differentiation indicated by decreased mucosal expression of RORC, IL17A and FOXP3. A-NEC-XBP1s patients additionally showed more severe morphological damage and a worse surgical outcome. Compared with A-NEC patients, R-NEC patients showed lower mucosal IL6 and IL8 expression and higher mucosal FOXP3 expression.XBP1 splicing, ER stress and the UPR in NEC are associated with increased IL6 and IL8 expression levels, altered T cell differentiation and severe epithelial injury.

| S-EPMC3806824 | biostudies-literature

OASIS/CREB3L1 is a factor that responds to nuclear envelope stress.

Project description:The nuclear envelope (NE) safeguards the genome and is pivotal for regulating genome activity as the structural scaffold of higher-order chromatin organization. NE had been thought as the stable during the interphase of cell cycle. However, recent studies have revealed that the NE can be damaged by various stresses such as mechanical stress and cellular senescence. These types of stresses are called NE stress. It has been proposed that NE stress is closely related to cellular dysfunctions such as genome instability and cell death. Here, we found that an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident transmembrane transcription factor, OASIS, accumulates at damaged NE. Notably, the major components of nuclear lamina, Lamin proteins were depleted at the NE where OASIS accumulates. We previously demonstrated that OASIS is cleaved at the membrane domain in response to ER stress. In contrast, OASIS accumulates as the full-length form to damaged NE in response to NE stress. The accumulation to damaged NE is specific for OASIS among OASIS family members. Intriguingly, OASIS colocalizes with the components of linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complexes, SUN2 and Nesprin-2 at the damaged NE. OASIS partially colocalizes with BAF, LEM domain proteins, and a component of ESCRT III, which are involved in the repair of ruptured NE. Furthermore, OASIS suppresses DNA damage induced by NE stress and restores nuclear deformation under NE stress conditions. Our findings reveal a novel NE stress response pathway mediated by OASIS.

| S-EPMC8257603 | biostudies-literature

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Project description:The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle involved in protein quality control and cellular homeostasis. The accumulation of unfolded proteins leads to an ER stress, followed by an adaptive response via the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1? (IRE1?) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) pathways. However, prolonged cell stress activates apoptosis signaling leading to cell death. Neuronal cells are particularly sensitive to protein misfolding, consequently ER and UPR dysfunctions were found to be involved in many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and prions diseases, among others characterized by the accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins. Pharmacological UPR modulation in affected tissues may contribute to the treatment and prevention of neurodegeneration. The association between ER stress, UPR and neuropathology is well established. In this review, we provide up-to-date evidence of UPR activation in neurodegenerative disorders followed by therapeutic strategies targeting the UPR and ameliorating the toxic effects of protein unfolding and aggregation.

| S-EPMC7503386 | biostudies-literature

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.

Project description:PurposeVernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is an ocular allergic disease characterized by a type 2 inflammation, tissue remodeling, and low quality of life for the affected patients. We investigated the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response in VKC.MethodsConjunctival imprints from VKC patients and normal subjects (CTs) were collected, and RNA was isolated, reverse transcribed, and analyzed with the Affymetrix microarray. Differentially expressed genes between VKC patients and CTs were evaluated. Genes related to ER stress, apoptosis, and autophagy were further considered. VKC and CT conjunctival biopsies were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with specific antibodies against unfolded protein response (UPR), apoptosis, and inflammation. Conjunctival fibroblast and epithelial cell cultures were exposed to the conditioned medium of activated U937 monocytes and analyzed by quantitative PCR for the expression of UPR, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammatory markers.ResultsER chaperones HSPA5 (GRP78/BiP) and HYOU1 (GRP170) were upregulated in VKC patients compared to CTs. Genes encoding for ER transmembrane proteins, PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), ER-associated degradation (ERAD), and autophagy were upregulated, but not those related to apoptosis. Increased positive reactivity of BiP and ATF6 and unchanged expression of apoptosis markers were confirmed by IHC. Cell cultures in stress conditions showed an overexpression of UPR, proinflammatory, apoptosis, and autophagy markers.ConclusionsA significant overexpression of genes encoding for ER stress, UPR, and pro-inflammatory pathway components was reported for VKC. Even though these pathways may lead to ER homeostasis, apoptosis, or inflammation, ER stress in VKC may predominantly contribute to promote inflammation.

| S-EPMC11008754 | biostudies-literature

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