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Effects of an intervention to increase bed alarm use to prevent falls in hospitalized patients: a cluster randomized trial.

ABSTRACT: Bed alarm systems intended to prevent hospital falls have not been formally evaluated.To investigate whether an intervention aimed at increasing bed alarm use decreases hospital falls and related events.Pair-matched, cluster randomized trial over 18 months. Nursing units were allocated by computer-generated randomization on the basis of baseline fall rates. Patients and outcome assessors were blinded to unit assignment; outcome assessors may have become unblinded. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00183053)16 nursing units in an urban community hospital.27 672 inpatients in general medical, surgical, and specialty units.Education, training, and technical support to promote use of a standard bed alarm system (intervention units); bed alarms available but not formally promoted or supported (control units).Pre-post difference in change in falls per 1000 patient-days (primary end point); number of patients who fell, fall-related injuries, and number of patients restrained (secondary end points).Prevalence of alarm use was 64.41 days per 1000 patient-days on intervention units and 1.79 days per 1000 patient-days on control units (P = 0.004). There was no difference in change in fall rates per 1000 patient-days (risk ratio, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.85 to 1.53]; difference, 0.41 [CI, -1.05 to 2.47], which corresponds to a greater difference in falls in control vs. intervention units) or in the number of patients who fell, injurious fall rates, or the number of patients physically restrained on intervention units compared with control units.The study was conducted at a single site and was slightly underpowered compared with the initial design.An intervention designed to increase bed alarm use in an urban hospital increased alarm use but had no statistically or clinically significant effect on fall-related events or physical restraint use.National Institute on Aging.

SUBMITTER: Shorr RI

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3549269 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of an intervention to increase bed alarm use to prevent falls in hospitalized patients: a cluster randomized trial.

Shorr Ronald I RI Chandler A Michelle AM Mion Lorraine C LC Waters Teresa M TM Liu Minzhao M Daniels Michael J MJ Kessler Lori A LA Miller Stephen T ST

Annals of internal medicine 20121101 10

<h4>Background</h4>Bed alarm systems intended to prevent hospital falls have not been formally evaluated.<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate whether an intervention aimed at increasing bed alarm use decreases hospital falls and related events.<h4>Design</h4>Pair-matched, cluster randomized trial over 18 months. Nursing units were allocated by computer-generated randomization on the basis of baseline fall rates. Patients and outcome assessors were blinded to unit assignment; outcome assessors may ha ...[more]

PMID: 23165660

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Project description:BackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) active medications have been consistently linked to falls in older people. However, few randomized trials have evaluated whether CNS-active medication reduction reduces falls and fall-related injuries. The objective of the Reducing CNS-active Medications to Prevent Falls and Injuries in Older Adults (STOP-FALLS) trial is to test the effectiveness of a health-system-embedded deprescribing intervention focused on CNS-active medications on the incidence of medically treated falls among community-dwelling older adults.MethodsWe will conduct a pragmatic, cluster-randomized, parallel-group, controlled clinical trial within Kaiser Permanente Washington to test the effectiveness of a 12-month deprescribing intervention consisting of (1) an educational brochure and self-care handouts mailed to older adults prescribed one or more CNS-active medications (aged 60 + : opioids, benzodiazepines and Z-drugs; aged 65 + : skeletal muscle relaxants, tricyclic antidepressants, and antihistamines) and (2) decision support for their primary health care providers. Outcomes are examined over 18-26 months post-intervention. The primary outcome is first incident (post-baseline) medically treated fall as determined from health plan data. Our sample size calculations ensure at least 80% power to detect a 20% reduction in the rate of medically treated falls for participants receiving care within the intervention (n = 9) versus usual care clinics (n = 9) assuming 18 months of follow-up. Secondary outcomes include medication discontinuation or dose reduction of any target medications. Safety outcomes include serious adverse drug withdrawal events, unintentional overdose, and death. We will also examine medication signetur fields for attempts to decrease medications. We will report factors affecting implementation of the intervention.DiscussionThe STOP-FALLS trial will provide new information about whether a health-system-embedded deprescribing intervention that targets older participants and their primary care providers reduces medically treated falls and CNS-active medication use. Insights into factors affecting implementation will inform future research and healthcare organizations that may be interested in replicating the intervention.Trial registrationClinicalTrial.gov NCT05689554. Registered on 18 January 2023, retrospectively registered.

Project description:Study objectiveWe determine whether an emergency department (ED)-initiated fall-prevention intervention can reduce subsequent fall-related and all-cause ED visits and hospitalizations in older adults.MethodsThe Geriatric Acute and Post-acute Fall Prevention intervention was a randomized controlled trial conducted from January 2018 to October 2019. Participants at 2 urban academic EDs were randomly assigned (1:1) to an intervention or usual care arm. Intervention participants received a brief, tailored, structured, pharmacy and physical therapy consultation in the ED, with automated communication of the recommendations to their primary care physicians.ResultsOf 284 study-eligible participants, 110 noninstitutionalized older adults (≥65 years) with a recent fall consented to participate; median age was 81 years, 67% were women, 94% were white, and 16.3% had cognitive impairment. Compared with usual care participants (n=55), intervention participants (n=55) were half as likely to experience a subsequent ED visit (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.47 [95% CI 0.29 to 0.74]) and one third as likely to have fall-related ED visits (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.34 [95% CI 0.15 to 0.76]) within 6 months. Intervention participants experienced half the rate of all hospitalizations (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.57 [95% CI 0.31 to 1.04]), but confidence intervals were wide. There was no difference in fall-related hospitalizations between groups (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.99 [95% CI 0.31 to 3.27]). Self-reported adherence to pharmacy and physical therapy recommendations was moderate; 73% of pharmacy recommendations were adhered to and 68% of physical therapy recommendations were followed.ConclusionGeriatric Acute and Post-acute Fall Prevention, a postfall, in-ED, multidisciplinary intervention with pharmacists and physical therapists, reduced 6-month ED encounters in 2 urban EDs. The intervention could provide a model of care to other health care systems aiming to reduce costly and burdensome fall-related events in older adults.

Project description:ImportanceHigh-risk medications that contribute to adverse health outcomes are frequently prescribed to older adults. Deprescribing interventions reduce their use, but studies are often not designed to examine effects on patient-relevant health outcomes.ObjectiveTo test the effect of a health system-embedded deprescribing intervention targeting older adults and their primary care clinicians for reducing the use of central nervous system-active drugs and preventing medically treated falls.Design, setting, and participantsIn this cluster randomized, parallel-group, clinical trial, 18 primary care practices from an integrated health care delivery system in Washington state were recruited from April 1, 2021, to June 16, 2022, to participate, along with their eligible patients. Randomization occurred at the clinic level. Patients were community-dwelling adults aged 60 years or older, prescribed at least 1 medication from any of 5 targeted medication classes (opioids, sedative-hypnotics, skeletal muscle relaxants, tricyclic antidepressants, and first-generation antihistamines) for at least 3 consecutive months.InterventionPatient education and clinician decision support. Control arm participants received usual care.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was medically treated falls. Secondary outcomes included medication discontinuation, sustained medication discontinuation, and dose reduction of any and each target medication. Serious adverse drug withdrawal events involving opioids or sedative-hypnotics were the main safety outcome. Analyses were conducted using intent-to-treat analysis.ResultsAmong 2367 patient participants (mean [SD] age, 70.6 [7.6] years; 1488 women [63%]), the adjusted cumulative incidence rate of a first medically treated fall at 18 months was 0.33 (95% CI, 0.29-0.37) in the intervention group and 0.30 (95% CI, 0.27-0.34) in the usual care group (estimated adjusted hazard ratio, 1.11 (95% CI, 0.94-1.31) (P = .11). There were significant differences favoring the intervention group in discontinuation, sustained discontinuation, and dose reduction of tricyclic antidepressants at 6 months (discontinuation adjusted rate: intervention group, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.18-0.28] vs usual care group, 0.13 [95% CI, 0.09-0.17]; adjusted relative risk, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.29-2.50]; P = .001) and secondary time points (9, 12, and 15 months).Conclusions and relevanceIn this randomized clinical trial of a health system-embedded deprescribing intervention targeting community-dwelling older adults prescribed central nervous system-active medications and their primary care clinicians, the intervention was no more effective than usual care in reducing medically treated falls. For health systems that attend to deprescribing as part of routine clinical practice, additional interventions may confer modest benefits on prescribing without a measurable effect on clinical outcomes.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05689554.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Many US health departments have implemented Data to Care interventions, which use HIV surveillance data to identify persons who are inadequately engaged in HIV medical care and assist them with care reengagement, but the effectiveness of this strategy is uncertain. METHODS:We conducted a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized evaluation of a Data to Care intervention in King County, Washington, 2011 to 2014. Persons diagnosed as having HIV for at least 6 months were eligible based on 1 of 2 criteria: (1) viral load (VL) greater than 500 copies/mL and CD4 less than 350 cells/?L at the last report in the past 12 months or (2) no CD4 or VL reported to the health department for at least 12 months. The intervention included medical provider contact, patient contact, and a structured individual interview. Health department staff assisted patients with reengagement using health systems navigation, brief counseling, and referral to support services. We clustered all eligible cases in the county by the last known medical provider and randomized the order of clusters for intervention, creating contemporaneous intervention and control periods (cases in later clusters contributed person-time to the control period at the same time that cases in earlier clusters contributed person-time to the intervention period). We compared the time to viral suppression (VL <200 copies/mL) for individuals during intervention and control periods using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS:We identified 997 persons (intention to treat [ITT]), 18% of whom had moved or died. Of the remaining 822 (modified ITT), 161 (20%) had an undetectable VL reported before contact and 164 (20%) completed the individual interview. The hazard ratio (HR) for time to viral suppression did not differ between the intervention and control periods in ITT (HR, 1.21 [95% confidence interval, 0.85-1.71]) or modified ITT (HR, 1.18 [95% confidence interval, 0.83-1.68]) analysis. CONCLUSIONS:The Data to Care intervention did not impact time to viral suppression.

Project description:BackgroundApp-based interventions have the potential to reduce child injury in countries with limited prevention resources, but their effectiveness has not been rigorously examined.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an app-based intervention for caregivers of preschoolers to prevent unintentional injury among Chinese preschoolers.MethodsA 6-month cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted from December 2017 to June 2018. Recruitment was conducted through preschools, which were randomly allocated to either the control group (ie, app-based parenting education excluding unintentional injury prevention) or the intervention group (ie, app-based parenting education including unintentional injury prevention). A total of 2920 caregivers of preschoolers aged 3-6 years from 20 preschools in Changsha, China, were recruited offline through the schools. The primary outcome was unintentional injury incidences among preschoolers in the past 3 months; this measure was assessed through an online caregiver-report at the baseline visit and at 3-month and 6-month follow-up visits. Secondary outcome measures included caregivers' self-reported attitudes and behaviors concerning child supervision during the last week. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to assess the effectiveness of the app-based intervention on responses at 3 and 6 months after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, baseline level of the outcome variable, and engagement with interventions in the assigned group. All analyses were intention-to-treat. A per-protocol sensitivity analysis was also conducted.ResultsIn total, 1980 of the 2920 caregivers completed the study. The mean age of participants was 32.0 years (SD 5.5) and 68.99% (1366/1980) of them were female. During the 6-month follow-up visit, unintentional injury incidence did not change significantly in either group: incidence in the intervention group went from 8.76% (94/1073) to 8.11% (87/1073), P=.59; incidence in the control group went from 9.4% (85/907) to 7.5% (69/907), P=.15. The changes did not differ between the groups (odds ratio [OR] 1.14, 95% CI 0.80-1.62). Changes in the average score in attitude concerning unintentional injury prevention were also similar between the groups (B .05, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.13). Changes in unintentional injury prevention behaviors were greater in the intervention group than in the control group after the intervention (B .87, 95% CI 0.33-1.42). Analyses of individual injury prevention behaviors showed that the intervention reduced three risky behaviors: unsafe feeding of children (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60-0.89); incorrectly placing children in cars (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.93); and allowing children to ride bicycles, electric bicycles, or motorcycles unsupervised (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.64-0.99). The intervention also improved scores on three safety-focused behaviors: testing water temperature before giving children a bath (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05-1.52); properly storing sharp objects (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01-1.52); and safely storing medicines, detergents, and pesticides (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02-1.51).ConclusionsThe app-based intervention did not reduce unintentional injury incidence among preschoolers but significantly improved caregivers' safety behaviors. This app-based intervention approach to improve caregiver behaviors surrounding child injury risk offers promise to be modified and ultimately disseminated broadly.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IOR-17010438; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=17376 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/75jt17X84).International registered report identifier (irrid)RR2-10.1186/s12889-018-5790-1.

Dataset Information

Effects of an intervention to increase bed alarm use to prevent falls in hospitalized patients: a cluster randomized trial.

Publications

Effects of an intervention to increase bed alarm use to prevent falls in hospitalized patients: a cluster randomized trial.

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