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Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes and its association with severity of liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis B in uttar pradesh, India.

ABSTRACT: The present study was designed to investigate the distribution of genotypes and its association with severity of liver disease in patients with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) in Uttar Pradesh, India. One hundred five HBsAg positive patients were selected for the study. The DNA was extracted by using pure viral DNA extraction kit. The genotype of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was identified by using polymerase chain reaction- based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, by using AvaII and DpnII restriction enzyme to see the different patterns of cleavage that would occur at this specific site. Among 105 HBsAg positive chronic liver disease patients 58 patients were positive for HBeAg and 47 samples were HBeAg negative. Genotyping was done successfully in 91 samples. Genotype A was identified in 22% and genotype D in 78% CHB patients. Genotype A showed elevated liver enzymes much more than genotype D. The Child Pugh classification of 20 patients with genotype A was class A (n = 2), B (n = 9), C (n = 9) and of genotype D was class A (n = 13), B (n = 50) and C (n = 8). In conclusion our results showed that Genotype D was the commonest genotype in Uttar Pradesh, whereas genotype A had significantly more elevated ALT/AST levels than genotype D. (P < 0.05). Child Pugh Grade B was significantly more in patients with genotype D, whereas Child Pugh Grade C was more in genotype A.

SUBMITTER: Kumar A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3550722 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes and its association with severity of liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis B in uttar pradesh, India.

Kumar Ajay A Dwivedi Manisha M Misra Sri Prakash SP Misra Vatsala V Narang Sushil S Pandey Renu R Tiwari Balesh Kumar BK

Indian journal of virology : an official organ of Indian Virological Society 20110525 1

The present study was designed to investigate the distribution of genotypes and its association with severity of liver disease in patients with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) in Uttar Pradesh, India. One hundred five HBsAg positive patients were selected for the study. The DNA was extracted by using pure viral DNA extraction kit. The genotype of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was identified by using polymerase chain reaction- based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, by using AvaII a ...[more]

PMID: 23637498

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Project description:BackgroundThe sustainable development goals (SDG) aim at satisfying three-fourths of family planning needs through modern contraceptive methods by 2030. However, the traditional methods (TM) of family planning use are on the rise, along with modern contraception in Uttar Pradesh (UP), the most populous Indian state. This study attempts to explore the dynamics of rising TM use in the state.MethodsWe used a state representative cross-sectional survey conducted among 12,200 Currently Married Women (CMW) aged 15-49 years during December 2020-February 2021 in UP. Using a multistage sampling technique, 508 primary sampling units (PSU) were selected. These PSU were ASHA areas in rural settings and Census Enumeration Blocks in urban settings. About 27 households from each PSU were randomly selected. All the eligible women within the selected households were interviewed. The survey also included the nearest public health facilities to understand the availability of family planning methods. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted. Appropriate sampling weights were applied.ResultsOverall, 33.9% of CMW were using any modern methods and 23.7% any TM (Rhythm and withdrawal) at the time of survey. The results show that while the modern method use has increased by 2.2 percentage points, the TM use increased by 9.9 percentage points compared to NFHS-4 (2015-16). The use of TM was almost same across women of different socio-demographic characteristics. Of 2921 current TM users, 80.7% started with TM and 78.3% expressed to continue with the same in future. No side effects (56.9%), easy to use (41.7%) and no cost incurred (38.0%) were the main reasons for the continuation of TM. TM use increased despite a significant increase (66.1 to 81.3%) in the availability of modern reversible methods and consistent availability of limiting methods (84.0%) in the nearest public health facilities.ConclusionInitial contraceptive method was found to have significant implications for current contraceptive method choice and future preferences. Program should reach young and zero-parity women with modern method choices by leveraging front-line workers in rural UP. Community and facility platforms can also be engaged in providing modern method choices to women of other parities to increase modern contraceptive use further to achieve the SDG goals.

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Project description:IntroductionSince ancient times leprosy has had a negative perception, resulting in stigmatization. To improve the lives of persons affected by leprosy, these negative perceptions need to change. The aim of this study is to evaluate interventions to change perceptions and improve knowledge of leprosy.Methodology/principal findingsWe conducted a pre-post intervention study in Fatehpur and Chandauli districts, Uttar Pradesh, India. Based on six steps of quality intervention development (6SQuID) two interventions were designed: (1) posters that provided information about leprosy and challenged misconceptions, and (2) meetings with persons affected by leprosy, community members and influential people in the community. The effect of the interventions was evaluated in a mixed-methods design; in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and questionnaires containing a knowledge measure (KAP), two perception measures (EMIC-CSS, SDS) and an intervention evaluation tool. 1067 participants were included in Survey 1 and 843 in Survey 2. The interventions were effective in increasing knowledge of all participant groups, and in changing community and personal attitudes of close contacts and community members (changes of 19%, 24% and 13% on the maximum KAP, EMIC-CSS and SDS scores respectively, p<0.05). In Survey 1, 13% of participants had adequate knowledge of leprosy versus 53% in Survey 2. Responses showed stigmatizing community attitudes in 86% (Survey 1) and 61% (Survey 2) of participants and negative personal attitudes in 37% (Survey 1) and 19% (Survey 2). The number of posters seen was associated with KAP, EMIC-CSS and SDS scores in Survey 2 (p<0.001). In addition, during eight post-intervention focus group discussions and 48 interviews many participants indicated that the perception of leprosy in the community had changed.Conclusions/significanceContextualized posters and community meetings were effective in changing the perception of leprosy and in increasing leprosy-related knowledge. We recommend studying the long-term effect of the interventions, also on behavior.

Dataset Information

Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes and its association with severity of liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis B in uttar pradesh, India.

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Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes and its association with severity of liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis B in uttar pradesh, India.

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