Dataset Information

Predictors and variability of urinary paraben concentrations in men and women, including before and during pregnancy.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Parabens are suspected endocrine disruptors and ubiquitous preservatives used in personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and foods. No studies have assessed the variability of parabens in women, including during pregnancy.

Objective

We evaluated predictors and variability of urinary paraben concentrations.

Methods

We measured urinary concentrations of methyl (MP), propyl (PP), and butyl paraben (BP) among couples from a fertility center. Mixed-effects regression models were fit to examine demographic predictors of paraben concentrations and to calculate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Results

Between 2005 and 2010, we collected 2,721 spot urine samples from 245 men and 408 women. The median concentrations were 112 µg/L (MP), 24.2 µg/L (PP), and 0.70 µg/L (BP). Urinary MP and PP concentrations were 4.6 and 7.8 times higher in women than men, respectively, and concentrations of both MP and PP were 3.8 times higher in African Americans than Caucasians. MP and PP concentrations were slightly more variable in women (ICC = 0.42, 0.43) than men (ICC = 0.54, 0.51), and were weakly correlated between partners (r = 0.27-0.32). Among 129 pregnant women, urinary paraben concentrations were 25-45% lower during pregnancy than before pregnancy, and MP and PP concentrations were more variable (ICCs of 0.38 and 0.36 compared with 0.46 and 0.44, respectively).

Conclusions

Urinary paraben concentrations were more variable in women compared with men, and during pregnancy compared with before pregnancy. However, results for this study population suggest that a single urine sample may reasonably represent an individual's exposure over several months, and that a single sample collected during pregnancy may reasonably classify gestational exposure.

SUBMITTER: Smith KW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3556607 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Predictors and variability of urinary paraben concentrations in men and women, including before and during pregnancy.

Smith Kristen W KW Braun Joe M JM Williams Paige L PL Ehrlich Shelley S Correia Katharine F KF Calafat Antonia M AM Ye Xiaoyun X Ford Jennifer J Keller Myra M Meeker John D JD Hauser Russ R

Environmental health perspectives 20120621 11

<h4>Background</h4>Parabens are suspected endocrine disruptors and ubiquitous preservatives used in personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and foods. No studies have assessed the variability of parabens in women, including during pregnancy.<h4>Objective</h4>We evaluated predictors and variability of urinary paraben concentrations.<h4>Methods</h4>We measured urinary concentrations of methyl (MP), propyl (PP), and butyl paraben (BP) among couples from a fertility center. Mixed-effects regression ...[more]

PMID: 22721761

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Project description:BackgroundParabens, found in everyday items from personal care products to foods, are chemicals with endocrine-disrupting activity, which has been shown to influence reproductive function.ObjectivesThis study investigated whether urinary concentrations of methylparaben, propylparaben, or butylparaben were associated with the urinary metabolome during the periconceptional period, a critical window for female reproductive function. Changes to the periconceptional urinary metabolome could provide insights into the mechanisms by which parabens could impact fertility.MethodsUrinary paraben concentrations were measured in paired pre- and postconception urine samples from 42 participants in the Early Pregnancy Study, a prospective cohort of 221 women attempting to conceive. We performed untargeted and targeted metabolomics analyses using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We used principal component analysis, orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis, and permutation testing, coupled with univariate statistical analyses, to find metabolites associated with paraben concentration at the two time points. Potential confounders were identified with a directed acyclic graph and used to adjust results with multivariable linear regression. Metabolites were identified using fragmentation data.ResultsSeven metabolites were associated with paraben concentration (variable importance to projection score >1, false discovery rate-corrected q-value<0.1). We identified four diet-related metabolites to the Metabolomics Standards Initiative (MSI) certainty of identification level 2, including metabolites from smoke flavoring, grapes, and olive oil. One metabolite was identified to the class level only (MSI level 3). Two metabolites were unidentified (MSI level 4). After adjustment, three metabolites remained associated with methylparaben and propylparaben, two of which were diet-related. No metabolomic markers of endocrine disruption were associated with paraben concentrations.DiscussionThis study identified novel relationships between urinary paraben concentrations and diet-related metabolites but not with metabolites on endocrine-disrupting pathways, as hypothesized. It demonstrates the feasibility of integrating untargeted metabolomics data with environmental exposure information and epidemiological adjustment for confounders. The findings underscore a potentially important connection between diet and paraben exposure, with applications to nutritional epidemiology and dietary exposure assessment. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12125.

Dataset Information

Predictors and variability of urinary paraben concentrations in men and women, including before and during pregnancy.

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Predictors and variability of urinary paraben concentrations in men and women, including before and during pregnancy.

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