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Parental influence on substance use in adolescent social networks.

ABSTRACT: To evaluate the relationship between the parenting style of an adolescent's peers' parents and an adolescent's substance use.Longitudinal survey.Adolescents across the United States were interviewed at school and at home.Nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States.Authoritative vs neglectful parenting style of adolescent's parents and adolescent's friends' parents and adolescent substance use.Adolescent alcohol abuse, smoking, marijuana use, and binge drinking.If an adolescent had a friend whose mother was authoritative, that adolescent was 40% (95% CI, 12%-58%) less likely to drink to the point of drunkenness, 38% (95% CI, 5%-59%) less likely to binge drink, 39% (95% CI, 12%-58%) less likely to smoke cigarettes, and 43% (95% CI, 1%-67%) less likely to use marijuana than an adolescent whose friend's mother was neglectful, controlling for the parenting style of the adolescent's own mother, school-level fixed effects, and demographics. These results were only partially mediated by peer substance use.Social network influences may extend beyond the homogeneous dimensions of own peer or own parent to include extradyadic influences of the wider network. The value of parenting interventions should be reassessed to take into account these spillover effects in the greater network.

SUBMITTER: Shakya HB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3562377 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Parental influence on substance use in adolescent social networks.

Shakya Holly B HB Christakis Nicholas A NA Fowler James H JH

Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 20121201 12

<h4>Objective</h4>To evaluate the relationship between the parenting style of an adolescent's peers' parents and an adolescent's substance use.<h4>Design</h4>Longitudinal survey.<h4>Setting</h4>Adolescents across the United States were interviewed at school and at home.<h4>Participants</h4>Nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States.<h4>Main exposure</h4>Authoritative vs neglectful parenting style of adolescent's parents and adolescent's friends' parents and adolescent s ...[more]

PMID: 23045157

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Project description:Although lower socioeconomic status has been linked to increased youth substance use, much less research has determined potential mechanisms explaining the association. The current longitudinal study tested whether alternative (i.e., pleasure gained from activities without any concurrent use of substances) and complementary (i.e., pleasure gained from activities in tandem with substance use) reinforcement mediate the link between lower socioeconomic status and youth substance use. Further, we tested whether alternative and complementary reinforcement and youth substance use gradually unfold over time and then intersect with one another in a cascading manner. Potential sex differences are also examined. Data were drawn from a longitudinal survey of substance use and mental health among high school students in Los Angeles. Data collection involved four semiannual assessment waves beginning in fall 2013 (N = 3395; M baseline age = 14.1; 47% Hispanic, 16.2% Asian, 16.1% multiethnic, 15.7% White, and 5% Black; 53.4% female). The results from a negative binomial path model suggested that lower parental socioeconomic status (i.e., lower parental education) was significantly related to an increased number of substances used by youth. The final path model revealed that the inverse association was statistically mediated by adolescents' diminished engagement in pleasurable substance-free activities (i.e., alternative reinforcers) and elevated engagement in pleasurable activities paired with substance use (i.e., complementary reinforcers). The direct effect of lower parental education on adolescent substance use was not statistically significant after accounting for the hypothesized mediating mechanisms. No sex differences were detected. Increasing access to and engagement in pleasant activities of high quality that do not need a reinforcement enhancer, such as substances, may be useful in interrupting the link between lower parental socioeconomic status and youth substance use.

Project description:BackgroundAdolescents with juvenile legal system contact face numerous barriers to participation in behavioral health intervention research, including housing disruption, legal privacy concerns, and systems mistrust. Technology, such as social media, may be a novel and developmentally appropriate adolescent research study engagement and retention tool.ObjectiveWe examined data on social media information collected for study retention purposes from adolescents participating in a substance use intervention trial.MethodsData were collected as part of a randomized controlled trial determining efficacy of a group-based substance use intervention for girls and young women (12-24 years) with substance use histories referred from legal and school systems in the United States. Baseline demographic and social media information was analyzed from the subset of 114 adolescent girls (mean age 15.7 years; range 13-18 years), of whom 31.6% (36/114) were legally involved, 87.7% (100/114) belonged to minoritized racial/ethnic groups, and 32.5% (37/114) received public assistance.ResultsMost girls (74/114, 64.9%) provided at least one social media account (Instagram, 95% [70/74]; Facebook, 27% [20/74]; and Twitter, 11% [8/74]) during study enrollment. Legally involved girls were significantly less likely to provide social media information than school-referred girls (44% [16/36] versus 74% [58/78]; χ21 [N=114]=9.68, P=.002).ConclusionsObtaining social media information for study retention purposes from adolescent girls with lifetime substance use appears possible; however, particular subgroups (ie, legally involved girls) may be less likely to provide accounts. Factors shaping legally involved girls' willingness to provide social media information, including mistrust and privacy concerns, and the impact of researcher's access to social media information on study retention are critical directions for future research.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02293057; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02293057.

Dataset Information

Parental influence on substance use in adolescent social networks.

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Parental influence on substance use in adolescent social networks.

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