Season of birth effect on psychotic-like experiences in Japanese adolescents.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Tochigi M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3562433 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Season of birth effect on psychotic-like experiences in Japanese adolescents.
Tochigi Mamoru M Nishida Atsushi A Shimodera Shinji S Okazaki Yuji Y Sasaki Tsukasa T
European child & adolescent psychiatry 20120917 2
A number of studies have investigated seasonality of birth in schizophrenia. Most of the studies have consistently observed an excess of winter births, often associated with decreased summer births. We postulated that psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), subclinical hallucinatory and delusional experiences, may also be affected by birth season. In the present study, we assessed the season of birth effect on the prevalence of PLEs using data from the cross-sectional survey of 19,436 Japanese adoles ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundUrban birth and urban living are associated with increased risk of schizophrenia but less is known about effects on more common psychotic experiences (PEs). China has undergone the most rapid urbanization of any country which may have affected the population-level expression of psychosis. We therefore investigated effects of urbanicity, work migrancy, and residential stability on prevalence and severity of PEs.MethodsPopulation-based, 2-wave household survey of psychiatric morbidity and health-related behavior among 4132 men, 18-34 years of age living in urban and rural Greater Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. PEs were measured using the Psychosis Screening Questionnaire.Results1261 (31%) of young men experienced at least 1 PE. Lower levels of PEs were not associated with urbanicity, work migrancy or residential stability. Urban birth was associated with reporting 3 or more PEs (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.25-2.11), after multivariable adjustment, with further evidence (P = .01) this effect was restricted to those currently living in urban environments (OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.16-2.72). Men experiencing a maximum of 5 PEs were over 8 times more likely to have been born in an urban area (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 8.81; 95% CI 1.50-51.79).ConclusionsMen in Chengdu, China, experience a high prevalence of PEs. This may be explained by rapid urbanization and residential instability. Urban birth was specifically associated with high, but not lower, severity levels of PEs, particularly amongst those currently living in urban environments. This suggests that early and sustained environmental exposures may be associated with more severe phenotypes.
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Project description:ObjectivePsychotic experiences in children are associated with an elevated risk of developing psychosis. The authors investigated whether the pattern of cognitive deficits present in psychosis also exists in children with psychotic experiences within the general population.MethodThe authors examined the longitudinal relationships between key cognitive domains, selected a priori based on their association with schizophrenia, and onset of psychotic experiences in children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children and whether these associations were independent of one another.ResultsLower performance in the domains of processing speed at age 8 years (odds ratio=1.24, 95% CI=1.12-1.36) and attention at age 11 (odds ratio=1.14, 95% CI=1.04-1.25) and decline of processing speed between the ages of 8 and 11 (odds ratio=1.29, 95% CI=1.15-1.45) were associated with higher risk of psychotic experiences at age 12. When adjusting for the other cognitive domains, processing speed at age 8 (odds ratio=1.20, 95% CI=1.09-1.33) was the measure most strongly associated with psychotic experiences.ConclusionsDefective processing speed is a particularly strong predictor of psychotic experiences in children. Furthermore, the pattern of associations between cognition and psychotic experiences in children within the general population is similar to the one between cognition and schizophrenia. These findings have potentially important implications for understanding the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders and the specific deficits that seem to place children at higher risk of psychopathology.
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