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A genome-wide transcriptional analysis of morphology determination in Candida albicans.

ABSTRACT: Candida albicans, the most common cause of human fungal infections, undergoes a reversible morphological transition from yeast to pseudohyphal and hyphal filaments, which is required for virulence. For many years, the relationship among global gene expression patterns associated with determination of specific C. albicans morphologies has remained obscure. Using a strain that can be genetically manipulated to sequentially transition from yeast to pseudohyphae to hyphae in the absence of complex environmental cues and upstream signaling pathways, we demonstrate by whole-genome transcriptional profiling that genes associated with pseudohyphae represent a subset of those associated with hyphae and are generally expressed at lower levels. Our results also strongly suggest that in addition to dosage, extended duration of filament-specific gene expression is sufficient to drive the C. albicans yeast-pseudohyphal-hyphal transition. Finally, we describe the first transcriptional profile of the C. albicans reverse hyphal-pseudohyphal-yeast transition and demonstrate that this transition involves not only down-regulation of known hyphal-specific, genes but also differential expression of additional genes that have not previously been associated with the forward transition, including many involved in protein synthesis. These findings provide new insight into genome-wide expression patterns important for determining fungal morphology and suggest that in addition to similarities, there are also fundamental differences in global gene expression as pathogenic filamentous fungi undergo forward and reverse morphological transitions.

SUBMITTER: Carlisle PL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3564527 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A genome-wide transcriptional analysis of morphology determination in Candida albicans.

Carlisle Patricia L PL Kadosh David D

Molecular biology of the cell 20121214 3

Candida albicans, the most common cause of human fungal infections, undergoes a reversible morphological transition from yeast to pseudohyphal and hyphal filaments, which is required for virulence. For many years, the relationship among global gene expression patterns associated with determination of specific C. albicans morphologies has remained obscure. Using a strain that can be genetically manipulated to sequentially transition from yeast to pseudohyphae to hyphae in the absence of complex e ...[more]

PMID: 23242994

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Project description:Candida albicans, the most common cause of human fungal infections, undergoes a reversible morphological transition from yeast to pseudohyphal and hyphal filaments, which is required for virulence. For many years, the relationship between global gene expression patterns associated with determination of specific C. albicans morphologies has remained obscure. Using a strain that can be genetically manipulated to sequentially transition from yeast to pseudohyphae to hyphae in the absence of complex environmental cues and upstream signaling pathways, we demonstrate by whole-genome transcriptional profiling that genes associated with pseudohyphae represent a subset of those associated hyphae and are generally expressed at lower levels; interestingly, no genes appeared to be expressed exclusively in pseudohyphae. Our results also strongly suggest that in addition to dosage, extended duration of filament-specific gene expression is sufficient to drive the C. albicans yeast-pseudohyphal-hyphal transition. Finally, we describe the first transcriptional profile of the C. albicans reverse hyphal-pseudohyphal-yeast transition and demonstrate that this transition not only involves down-regulation of known hyphal-specific genes but also differential expression of additional genes which have not previously been associated with the forward transition, including many involved in protein synthesis. These findings provide new insight into genome-wide mechanisms important for determining fungal morphology and suggest that in addition to similarities, there are also fundamental differences in global gene expression as pathogenic filamentous fungi undergo forward and reverse morphological transitions. The Dosage Experiment (13 arrays) was performed twice (two biological replicates). MBY38 cells were treated with various concentrations of Doxycycline (Dox): 20 (n=3), 0.4 (n=1), 0.35 (n=1), 0.3 (n=1), 0.25 (n=1), 0.2 (n=1), 0.15 (n=1), 0.1 (n=1), 0.05 (n=1), 0.02 (n=1) and 0 Âµg/mL (n=1). Each 20 ug/ml sample was used for 3 technical replicate arrays, one of which was labeled using reverse fluors. The reference sample consisted of equal aliquots of the experimental samples. The Forward Transition Experiment (23 arrays) was performed twice (two biological replicates). MBY38 cells were grown in the presence (n=10) or absence (n=10) of 1.0 ug/ml Dox and subsequently harvested at time points between 1 and 10 hours. Each 1.0 ug/mL Dox treated sample was collected at 0 hours and used for 3 technical replicate arrays, one of which was labeled using reverse fluors. The reference sample consisted of equal aliquots of all 21 experimental samples. The Reverse Transition Experiment (26 arrays) was performed twice (two biological replicates). MBY38 cells were grown in the presence (n=10) or absence (n=10) of 20.0 ug/ml Dox and subsequently harvested at time points between 1 and 10 hours. Each 20.0 ug/mL sample was collected at 0 hours and used for 3 technical replicate arrays, one of which was labeled using reverse fluors. Each untreated (no Dox) sample was collected at 0 hours and used for 3 technical replicate arrays, one of which was labeled using reverse fluors. The reference sample consisted of equal aliquots of all 22 experimental samples. The Dox Control Experiment consisted of 12 arrays. PCY87 cells were grown in the presence (n=5) or absence (n=5) of 20.0 ug/ml Dox overnight to create 5 pairs of biological replicates. Three pairs of biological replicates were labelled normally (one of which was repeated as a technical replicate using reverse fluors) and 2 pairs of biological replicates were labeled using reverse fluors. The Dosage Experiment reference was used as the reference sample.

Project description:Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen, causing diseases ranging from mucosal to systemic infections for both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation is a highly conserved posttranslational modification found in a wide variety of organisms. In this study, we surveyed the biological impact of 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation on lysine residuals (Khib) in C. albicans Using an antibody enrichment approach along with the traditional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, we analyzed the pattern of Khib-modified proteins and sites in one wild-type strain of C. albicans We identified 1,438 Khib-modified proteins with 6,659 modified sites in this strain, and a more detailed bioinformatics analysis indicated that the Khib-modified proteins are involved in a wide range of cellular functions with diverse subcellular locations. Functional enrichment analysis featured several prominent functional pathways, including ribosome, biosynthesis of antibiotics, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, biosynthesis of amino acids and carbon metabolism, of which the ribosome pathway is the most affected pathway. Even compared with the reported numbers of lysine acetylation (Kac) and succinylation (Ksuc) sites, the numbers of Khib-modified sites on ribosomal proteins remained the highest for C. albicans These bioinformatic results suggest that 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation may play an indispensable role in the regulation of the ribosomal biogenesis and protein translation. Findings in this study may provide new insights for studying posttranslational modification (PTM)-associated mechanisms in fungal development and pathogenicity.IMPORTANCEC. albicans is one of the most commonly reported fungal pathogens in mucosal and systemic infections. A better understanding of its growth habits and metabolic processes in the host should help improve defense strategies. The newly discovered protein posttranslational modification (PTM) on histones is one epigenetic mechanism which has been linked to many pathogenic events, including cancers. The types of PTM and their pathogenic roles in C. albicans are still somewhat poorly understood, even though studies of C. albicans based on acetylation inhibitors have shed some light on their function, and it seems that PTMs regulate pathogenic adhesion factors. Here, we quantified and analyzed the occurrence of lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) in C. albicans The Khib-modified proteins are enriched with respect to carbon metabolism, ribosomal biogenesis, and protein translation in C. albicans.

Dataset Information

A genome-wide transcriptional analysis of morphology determination in Candida albicans.

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A genome-wide transcriptional analysis of morphology determination in Candida albicans.

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