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Diffuse reflection inside a hexagonal nanocavity.

ABSTRACT: Geometrical diffuse reflection is a common optical phenomenon that occurs when a reflecting surface has roughness of order of hundreds of micrometres. Light rays thus reflect uniformly in all directions with each ray obeying Snell's law. Of interest is knowing what happens when light reflects off surfaces with roughness of nanometres. Here, by introducing nanoscaled roughness on the hexagonal faces of ZnO nanocavities, we observe luminescent profiles with flowery patterns, replacing the usual whispering gallery modes. The unique profile for these nanocavities is attributed to wave diffuse reflection, which occurs when the features on the reflecting surfaces are typically nanometre-sized. Light with wavelengths of similar scale "sees" these nano-perturbations, and undergoes scattering rather than geometrical diffuse reflection. These findings could benefit the fields of nanoscale topography and nanoscopic uniform lighting by using wave diffuse reflection.

SUBMITTER: Wang N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3575014 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diffuse reflection inside a hexagonal nanocavity.

Wang Nengwen N Chen Xiaodong X Yang Yuhua Y Dong Jianwen J Wang Chengxin C Yang Guowei G

Scientific reports 20130101

Geometrical diffuse reflection is a common optical phenomenon that occurs when a reflecting surface has roughness of order of hundreds of micrometres. Light rays thus reflect uniformly in all directions with each ray obeying Snell's law. Of interest is knowing what happens when light reflects off surfaces with roughness of nanometres. Here, by introducing nanoscaled roughness on the hexagonal faces of ZnO nanocavities, we observe luminescent profiles with flowery patterns, replacing the usual wh ...[more]

PMID: 23416646

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Project description:Background and objectiveA positive surgical margin (PSM) occurs in up to 32% of patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), which measures tissue composition according to its optical properties, can potentially be used for real-time PSM detection during RARP. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of DRS in distinguishing prostate cancer from benign tissue in RARP specimens.MethodsIn a single-center prospective study, DRS measurements were taken ex vivo for RARP specimens from 59 patients with biopsy-proven prostate carcinoma. Discriminating features from the DRS spectra were used to create a machine learning-based classification algorithm. The data were split patient-wise into training (70%) and testing (30%) sets, with ten iterations to ensure algorithm robustness. The average sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) from ten classification iterations were calculated.Key findings and limitationsWe collected 542 DRS measurements, of which 53% were tumor and 47% were healthy-tissue measurements. Twenty discriminating features from the DRS spectra were used as the input for a support vector machine model. This model achieved average sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 82%, accuracy of 85%, and AUC of 0.91 for the test set. Limitations include the binary label input for classification.Conclusions and clinical implicationsDRS can potentially discriminate prostate cancer from benign tissue. Before implementing the technique in clinical practice, further research is needed to assess its performance on heterogeneous tissue volumes and measurements from the prostate surface.Patient summaryWe looked at the ability of a technique called diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to guide surgeons in discriminating prostate cancer tissue from benign prostate tissue in real time during prostate cancer surgery. Our study showed promising results in an experimental setting. Future research will focus on bringing this technique to clinical practice.

Dataset Information

Diffuse reflection inside a hexagonal nanocavity.

Publications

Diffuse reflection inside a hexagonal nanocavity.

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