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Co-ingestion of carbohydrate and whey protein isolates enhance PGC-1? mRNA expression: a randomised, single blind, cross over study.

ABSTRACT: UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND: Whey protein isolates (WPI) supplementation is known to improve resistance training adaptations. However, limited information is available on the effects of WPI plus carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on endurance training adaptations. METHOD: Six endurance trained male cyclists and triathletes (age 29?±?4?years, weight 74?±?2?kg, VO2 max 63?±?3?ml oxygen. kg-1. Min-1, height 183?±?5?cm; mean?±?SEM) were randomly assigned to one of two dietary interventions in a single blind cross over design; CHO or CHO + WPI. Each dietary intervention was followed for 16?days which included the last 2?days having increased CHO content, representing a CHO loading phase. The dietary interventions were iso-caloric and carbohydrate content matched. On completion of the dietary intervention, participants performed an exercise bout, consisting of cycling for 60?min at 70% VO2 max, followed by time trial to exhaustion at 90% VO2 max and recovered in the laboratory for 6?hours. Blood samples and muscle biopsies were taken at various time points at rest and through the exercise trial and recovery. RESULTS: Compared to CHO, CHO + WPI increased plasma insulin during recovery at 180 mins (P < 0.05) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1?) mRNA expression at the end of 6?hours of recovery (P < 0.05). Muscle glycogen did not differ between the two trials. CONCLUSION: This study showed co-ingestion of CHO + WPI may have beneficial effects on recovery and adaptations to endurance exercise via, increased insulin response and up regulation of PGC-1? mRNA expression.

SUBMITTER: Hill KM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3577454 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Co-ingestion of carbohydrate and whey protein isolates enhance PGC-1α mRNA expression: a randomised, single blind, cross over study.

Hill Karen M KM Stathis Christos G CG Grinfeld Esther E Hayes Alan A McAinch Andrew J AJ

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 20130212 1

<h4>Unlabelled</h4><h4>Background</h4>Whey protein isolates (WPI) supplementation is known to improve resistance training adaptations. However, limited information is available on the effects of WPI plus carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on endurance training adaptations.<h4>Method</h4>Six endurance trained male cyclists and triathletes (age 29 ± 4 years, weight 74 ± 2 kg, VO2 max 63 ± 3 ml oxygen. kg-1. Min-1, height 183 ± 5 cm; mean ± SEM) were randomly assigned to one of two dietary interven ...[more]

PMID: 23402493

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Project description:BackgroundKetone bodies may have anabolic effects in skeletal muscle via their capacity to stimulate protein synthesis. Whether orally ingested exogenous ketones can stimulate postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates with and without dietary protein co-ingestion is unknown.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of ketone monoester intake and elevated blood β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) concentration, with and without dietary protein co-ingestion, on postprandial MyoPS rates and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway signaling.MethodsIn a randomized, double-blind, parallel group design, 36 recreationally active healthy young males (age: 24.2 ± 4.1 y; body fat: 20.9% ± 5.8%; body mass index: 23.4 ± 2 kg/m2) received a primed continuous infusion of L-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine and ingested one of the following: 1) the ketone monoester (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (KET), 2) 10 g whey protein (PRO), or 3) the combination of both (KET+PRO). Blood and muscle biopsy samples were collected during basal and postprandial (300 min) conditions to assess β-OHB, glucose, insulin, and amino acid concentrations, MyoPS rates, and mTORC1 pathway signaling.ResultsCapillary blood β-OHB concentration increased similarly during postprandial conditions in KET and KET+PRO, with both being greater than PRO from 30 to 180 min (treatment × time interaction: P < 0.001). Postprandial plasma leucine and essential amino acid (EAA) incremental area under the curve (iAUC) over 300 min was greater (treatment: both P < 0.001) in KET+PRO compared with PRO and KET. KET, PRO, and KET+PRO stimulated postprandial MyoPS rates (0-300 min) higher than basal conditions [absolute change: 0.020%/h; (95% CI: 0.013, 0.027%/h), 0.014%/h (95% CI: 0.009, 0.019%/h), 0.019%/h (95% CI: 0.014, 0.024%/h), respectively (time: P < 0.001)], with no difference between treatments (treatment: P = 0.383) or treatment × time interaction (interaction: P = 0.245). mTORC1 pathway signaling responses did not differ between treatments (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsAcute oral intake of a ketone monoester, 10 g whey protein, or their co-ingestion in the overnight postabsorptive state elicit a similar stimulation of postprandial MyoPS rates in healthy young males. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04565444 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04565444).

Project description:BACKGROUND:Sodium bicarbonate (SB) has been proposed as an ergogenic aid, as it improves high-intensity and resistance exercise performance. However, no studies have yet investigated SB application in CrossFit. This study examined the effects of chronic, progressive-dose SB ingestion on CrossFit-like performance and aerobic capacity. METHODS:In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial, 21 CrossFit-trained participants were randomly allocated to 2 groups and underwent 2 trials separated by a 14-day washout period. Participants ingested either up to 150 mg?kg-1 of SB in a progressive-dose regimen or placebo for 10 days. Before and after each trial, Fight Gone Bad (FGB) and incremental cycling (ICT) tests were performed. In order to examine biochemical responses, blood samples were obtained prior to and 3 min after completing each exercise test. RESULTS:No gastrointestinal (GI) side effects were reported during the entire protocol. The overall FGB performance improved under SB by ~6.1% (p<0.001) and it was ~3.1% higher compared to post placebo (PLApost) (p = 0.040). The number of repetitions completed in each round also improved under SB (mean from baseline: +5.8% to +6.4%). Moreover, in ICT, the time to ventilatory threshold (VT) (~8:25 min SBpost vs. ~8:00 min PLApost, p = 0.020), workload at VT (~218 W SBpost vs. ~208 W PLApost, p = 0.037) and heart rate at VT (~165 bpm SBpost vs. ~161 bpm PLApost, p = 0.030) showed higher SBpost than PLApost. Furthermore, the maximum carbon dioxide production increased under SB by ~4.8% (from ~3604 mL?min-1 to ~3776 mL?min-1, p = 0.049). Pyruvate concentration and creatine kinase activity before ICT showed higher SBpost than PLApost (~0.32 mmol?L-1 vs. ~0.26 mmol?L-1, p = 0.001; ~275 U?L-1 vs. ~250 U?L-1, p = 0.010, respectively). However, the small sample size limits the wide-application of our results. CONCLUSIONS:Progressive-dose SB ingestion regimen eliminated GI side effects and improved CrossFit-like performance, as well as delayed ventilatory threshold occurrence.

Dataset Information

Co-ingestion of carbohydrate and whey protein isolates enhance PGC-1? mRNA expression: a randomised, single blind, cross over study.

Publications

Co-ingestion of carbohydrate and whey protein isolates enhance PGC-1α mRNA expression: a randomised, single blind, cross over study.

Similar Datasets

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