Dataset Information

Prenatal exposure to nicotine and impaired reading performance.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To investigate whether prenatal exposure to nicotine has an impact on several reading skill outcomes in school age children.

Study design

Using a longitudinal sample of 5119 school age children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, this study investigated specific reading skill outcomes in the area of speed, fluency, accuracy, spelling, and comprehension in relation to prenatal nicotine exposure, after adjusting for potential mediators and confounders. Prenatal nicotine exposure was divided into 3 categories: high (>17 mg per day), low (?17 mg per day), and no exposure.

Results

We found that prenatal nicotine exposure was associated with increased risk of underperformance in specific reading skill outcomes after adjusting for potential mediators and confounders (P = .006). The effect of poor performance in decoding single words was most pronounced among children with prenatal exposure to high levels of nicotine in conjunction with a phonological deficit. Overall, the results showed that maternal smoking has moderate to large associations with delayed or decreased reading skills of children in the Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

Conclusions

High prenatal nicotine exposure has a negative association with reading performance in school age children. In addition, modeling showed that environmental factors significantly moderated the interaction between prenatal nicotine exposure and reading skill outcomes.

SUBMITTER: Cho K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3577994 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Prenatal exposure to nicotine and impaired reading performance.

Cho Kelly K Frijters Jan C JC Zhang Heping H Miller Laura L LL Gruen Jeffrey R JR

The Journal of pediatrics 20121102 4

<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate whether prenatal exposure to nicotine has an impact on several reading skill outcomes in school age children.<h4>Study design</h4>Using a longitudinal sample of 5119 school age children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, this study investigated specific reading skill outcomes in the area of speed, fluency, accuracy, spelling, and comprehension in relation to prenatal nicotine exposure, after adjusting for potential mediators and confounders. ...[more]

PMID: 23122624

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Project description:Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate whether there is an association between in-utero exposure to nicotine and subsequent hearing dysfunction.Patients and methods Secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial to prevent congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection among gravidas with primary CMV infection was conducted. Monthly intravenous immunoglobulin hyperimmune globulin therapy did not influence the rate of congenital CMV. Dyads with missing urine, fetal or neonatal demise, infants diagnosed with a major congenital anomaly, congenital CMV infection, or with evidence of middle ear dysfunction were excluded. The primary outcome was neonatal hearing impairment in one or more ears defined as abnormal distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs; 1 to 8 kHz) that were measured within 42 days of birth. DPOAEs were interpreted using optimized frequency-specific level criteria. Cotinine was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits in maternal urine collected at enrollment and in the third trimester (mean gestational age 16.0 and 36.7 weeks, respectively). Blinded personnel ran samples in duplicates. Maternal urine cotinine >5 ng/mL at either time point was defined as in-utero exposure to nicotine. Multivariable logistic regression included variables associated with the primary outcome and with the exposure (p < 0.05) in univariate analysis.Results Of 399 enrolled patients in the original trial, 150 were included in this analysis, of whom 46 (31%) were exposed to nicotine. The primary outcome occurred in 18 (12%) newborns and was higher in nicotine-exposed infants compared with those nonexposed (15.2 vs. 10.6%, odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55-4.20), but the difference was not significantly different (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.0, 95% CI 0.30-3.31). This association was similar when exposure was stratified as heavy (>100 ng/mL, aOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.15-3.51) or mild (5-100 ng/mL, aOR 1.28, 95% CI 0.33-4.95). There was no association between nicotine exposure and frequency-specific DPOAE amplitude.Conclusion In a cohort of parturients with primary CMV infection, nicotine exposure was not associated with offspring hearing dysfunction assessed with DPOAEs.Key points· Nicotine exposure was quantified from maternal urine.. · Nicotine exposure was identified in 30% of the cohort.. · Exposure was not associated with offspring hearing dysfunction..

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Dataset Information

Prenatal exposure to nicotine and impaired reading performance.

Objective

Study design

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Prenatal exposure to nicotine and impaired reading performance.

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