Dataset Information

Antipurinergic therapy corrects the autism-like features in the poly(IC) mouse model.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Mitochondria act to connect genes and environment by regulating gene-encoded metabolic networks according to changes in the chemistry of the cell and its environment. Mitochondrial ATP and other metabolites are mitokines-signaling molecules made in mitochondria-that undergo regulated release from cells to communicate cellular health and danger to neighboring cells via purinergic signaling. The role of purinergic signaling has not yet been explored in autism spectrum disorders.

Objectives and methods

We used the maternal immune activation (MIA) mouse model of gestational poly(IC) exposure and treatment with the non-selective purinergic antagonist suramin to test the role of purinergic signaling in C57BL/6J mice.

Results

We found that antipurinergic therapy (APT) corrected 16 multisystem abnormalities that defined the ASD-like phenotype in this model. These included correction of the core social deficits and sensorimotor coordination abnormalities, prevention of cerebellar Purkinje cell loss, correction of the ultrastructural synaptic dysmorphology, and correction of the hypothermia, metabolic, mitochondrial, P2Y2 and P2X7 purinergic receptor expression, and ERK1/2 and CAMKII signal transduction abnormalities.

Conclusions

Hyperpurinergia is a fundamental and treatable feature of the multisystem abnormalities in the poly(IC) mouse model of autism spectrum disorders. Antipurinergic therapy provides a new tool for refining current concepts of pathogenesis in autism and related spectrum disorders, and represents a fresh path forward for new drug development.

SUBMITTER: Naviaux RK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3596371 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Antipurinergic therapy corrects the autism-like features in the poly(IC) mouse model.

Naviaux Robert K RK Zolkipli Zarazuela Z Wang Lin L Nakayama Tomohiro T Naviaux Jane C JC Le Thuy P TP Schuchbauer Michael A MA Rogac Mihael M Tang Qingbo Q Dugan Laura L LL Powell Susan B SB

PloS one 20130313 3

<h4>Background</h4>Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Mitochondria act to connect genes and environment by regulating gene-encoded metabolic networks according to changes in the chemistry of the cell and its environment. Mitochondrial ATP and other metabolites are mitokines-signaling molecules made in mitochondria-that undergo regulated release from cells to communicate cellular health and danger to neighboring cells via purinergic signaling. T ...[more]

PMID: 23516405

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Project description:Experiment on the effects of ethanol (acute oral) on induction of genes by polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly IC). Microarray methodology follows: cDNA for each sample was synthesized from 8.5 µg total RNA using a Superscript cDNA Synthesis Kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) in combination with a T7-(dT)24 primer. Following phenol-chloroform extraction of the cDNA, biotinylated cRNA was transcribed in vitro using the BioArray HighYield RNA Transcript Labeling Kit (ENZO Biochem, New York, NY) and purified using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). Twenty micrograms of purified cRNA was fragmented by incubation in fragmentation buffer (200 mM Tris-acetate, pH 8.1, 500 mM potassium acetate, 150 mM magnesium acetate) at 94°C for 35 minutes and chilled on ice. Fifteen micrograms of fragmented biotin-labeled cRNA was hybridized to the Murine Genome U74Av2 Array (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA), interrogating a total of 12,488 murine gene cDNA probes, for 16 hr at 45°C with constant rotation (60 rpm). The arrays were washed and then stained for 10 min at 25°C with 10 µg/mL streptavidin-R phycoerythrin (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) followed by 3 µg/mL biotinylated goat anti-streptavidin antibody (Vector Laboratories) for 10 minutes at 25°C. Arrays were then stained once again with streptavidin-R phycoerythrin for 10 min at 25°C. After washing and staining, the arrays were scanned using an Agilent GeneArray Scanner (Agilent Technologies) at 570 nm. Pixel intensities were measured, expression signals were analyzed and features extracted using a commercial software package (Microarray Suite ver 5.0, Affymetrix). Data mining and statistical analyses were performed with Data Mining Tool ver 3.0 (Affymetrix) algorithms. Arrays were globally scaled to a target intensity value of 2,500 in order to compare individual experiments. The absolute call (present, marginal, absent) of 12,488 gene expressions in each sample, as well as the direction of change, and fold change of gene expressions between samples were identified using the above-mentioned software. Keywords: other

Dataset Information

Antipurinergic therapy corrects the autism-like features in the poly(IC) mouse model.

Background

Objectives and methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Antipurinergic therapy corrects the autism-like features in the poly(IC) mouse model.

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