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Pig domestication and human-mediated dispersal in western Eurasia revealed through ancient DNA and geometric morphometrics.


ABSTRACT: Zooarcheological evidence suggests that pigs were domesticated in Southwest Asia ~8,500 BC. They then spread across the Middle and Near East and westward into Europe alongside early agriculturalists. European pigs were either domesticated independently or more likely appeared so as a result of admixture between introduced pigs and European wild boar. As a result, European wild boar mtDNA lineages replaced Near Eastern/Anatolian mtDNA signatures in Europe and subsequently replaced indigenous domestic pig lineages in Anatolia. The specific details of these processes, however, remain unknown. To address questions related to early pig domestication, dispersal, and turnover in the Near East, we analyzed ancient mitochondrial DNA and dental geometric morphometric variation in 393 ancient pig specimens representing 48 archeological sites (from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic to the Medieval period) from Armenia, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Syria, and Turkey. Our results reveal the first genetic signatures of early domestic pigs in the Near Eastern Neolithic core zone. We also demonstrate that these early pigs differed genetically from those in western Anatolia that were introduced to Europe during the Neolithic expansion. In addition, we present a significantly more refined chronology for the introduction of European domestic pigs into Asia Minor that took place during the Bronze Age, at least 900 years earlier than previously detected. By the 5th century AD, European signatures completely replaced the endemic lineages possibly coinciding with the widespread demographic and societal changes that occurred during the Anatolian Bronze and Iron Ages.

SUBMITTER: Ottoni C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3603306 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Pig domestication and human-mediated dispersal in western Eurasia revealed through ancient DNA and geometric morphometrics.

Ottoni Claudio C   Flink Linus Girdland LG   Evin Allowen A   Geörg Christina C   De Cupere Bea B   Van Neer Wim W   Bartosiewicz László L   Linderholm Anna A   Barnett Ross R   Peters Joris J   Decorte Ronny R   Waelkens Marc M   Vanderheyden Nancy N   Ricaut François-Xavier FX   Cakirlar Canan C   Cevik Ozlem O   Hoelzel A Rus AR   Mashkour Marjan M   Karimlu Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb AF   Seno Shiva Sheikhi SS   Daujat Julie J   Brock Fiona F   Pinhasi Ron R   Hongo Hitomi H   Perez-Enciso Miguel M   Rasmussen Morten M   Frantz Laurent L   Megens Hendrik-Jan HJ   Crooijmans Richard R   Groenen Martien M   Arbuckle Benjamin B   Benecke Nobert N   Vidarsdottir Una Strand US   Burger Joachim J   Cucchi Thomas T   Dobney Keith K   Larson Greger G  

Molecular biology and evolution 20121122 4


Zooarcheological evidence suggests that pigs were domesticated in Southwest Asia ~8,500 BC. They then spread across the Middle and Near East and westward into Europe alongside early agriculturalists. European pigs were either domesticated independently or more likely appeared so as a result of admixture between introduced pigs and European wild boar. As a result, European wild boar mtDNA lineages replaced Near Eastern/Anatolian mtDNA signatures in Europe and subsequently replaced indigenous dome  ...[more]

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