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Physical activity, genes for physical fitness, and risk of coronary heart disease.

ABSTRACT: Both physical activity and physical fitness are associated with decreased coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Our objective was to determine whether genes associated with physical fitness modify the association between physical activity and CHD.We conducted a prospective cohort study among 23,016 initially healthy women in the Women's Genome Health Study. Leisure time physical activity was reported at entry and during follow-up. A total of 58 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with physical fitness were identified from published literature and summed to create four separate genetic scores related to phenotypes of endurance, muscle strength, V?O2max, and overall fitness.During a median of 14.4 yr, 320 incident CHD events occurred. Increased physical activity was associated with lower CHD risk in multivariable-adjusted models (P = 0.0008). Independent of physical activity, only muscle strength genetic score was inversely associated with CHD risk (P = 0.05). There was no evidence that the inverse relation between physical activity and CHD was modified by any of the genetic scores for physical fitness. For overall fitness genetic score, the hazard ratio (HR) per 500 kcal·wk of physical activity was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.72-1.00) in the highest quartile of genetic score and 0.79 (95% CI = 0.67-0.92) in the lowest quartile (P, interaction = 0.50). For V?O2max genetic score, the HR was 0.86 (95% CI = 0.72-1.02) and 0.84 (95% CI = 0.72-0.98), respectively (P, interaction = 0.59).In this large prospective cohort of women, genes associated with physical fitness did not modify the inverse association between physical activity and CHD risk.

SUBMITTER: Chomistek AK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3605203 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Physical activity, genes for physical fitness, and risk of coronary heart disease.

Chomistek Andrea K AK Chasman Daniel I DI Cook Nancy R NR Rimm Eric B EB Lee I-Min IM

Medicine and science in sports and exercise 20130401 4

<h4>Purpose</h4>Both physical activity and physical fitness are associated with decreased coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Our objective was to determine whether genes associated with physical fitness modify the association between physical activity and CHD.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a prospective cohort study among 23,016 initially healthy women in the Women's Genome Health Study. Leisure time physical activity was reported at entry and during follow-up. A total of 58 single nucleotide poly ...[more]

PMID: 23073218

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Project description:BackgroundMultiple studies have demonstrated strong associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and lower cardiovascular disease mortality. In contrast, little is known about associations of fitness with nonfatal cardiovascular events.Methods and resultsLinking individual participant data from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study with Medicare claims files, we studied 20642 participants (21% women) with fitness measured at the mean age of 49 years and who survived to receive Medicare coverage from 1999 to 2009. Fitness was categorized into age- and sex-specific quintiles (Q) according to Balke protocol treadmill time with Q1 as low fitness. Fitness was also estimated in metabolic equivalents according to treadmill time. Associations between midlife fitness and hospitalizations for heart failure and acute myocardial infarction after the age of 65 years were assessed by applying a proportional hazards model to the multivariate failure time data. After 133514 person-years of Medicare follow-up, we observed 1051 hospitalizations for heart failure and 832 hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction. Compared with high fitness (Q4-5), low fitness (Q1) was associated with a higher rate of heart failure hospitalization (14.3% versus 4.2%) and hospitalization for myocardial infarction (9.7% versus 4.5%). After multivariable adjustment for baseline age, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, smoking status, and total cholesterol, a 1 unit greater fitness level in metabolic equivalents achieved in midlife was associated with ≈20% lower risk for heart failure hospitalization after the age of 65 years (men: hazard ratio [95% confidence intervals], 0.79 [0.75-0.83]; P<0.001 and women: 0.81 [0.68-0.96]; P=0.01) but just a 10% lower risk for acute myocardial infarction in men (0.91 [0.87-0.95]; P<0.001) and no association in women (0.97 [0.83-1.13]; P=0.68).ConclusionsFitness in healthy, middle-aged adults is more strongly associated with heart failure hospitalization than acute myocardial infarction outcomes decades later in older age.

Project description:Background/objectivesObesity and low physical fitness are known risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD), but their interactive effects are unclear. Elucidation of interactions between these common, modifiable risk factors may help inform more effective preventive strategies. We examined interactive effects of obesity, aerobic fitness and muscular strength in late adolescence on risk of IHD in adulthood in a large national cohort.Subjects/methodsWe conducted a national cohort study of all 1 547 407 military conscripts in Sweden during 1969-1997 (97-98% of all 18-year-old males each year). Aerobic fitness, muscular strength and body mass index (BMI) measurements were examined in relation to IHD identified from outpatient and inpatient diagnoses through 2012 (maximum age 62 years).ResultsThere were 38 142 men diagnosed with IHD in 39.7 million person years of follow-up. High BMI or low aerobic fitness (but not muscular strength) was associated with higher risk of IHD, adjusting for family history and socioeconomic factors. The combination of high BMI (overweight/obese vs normal) and low aerobic fitness (lowest vs highest tertile) was associated with highest IHD risk (incidence rate ratio, 3.11; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.91-3.31; P<0.001). These exposures had no additive and a negative multiplicative interaction (that is, their combined effect was less than the product of their separate effects). Low aerobic fitness was a strong risk factor even among those with normal BMI.ConclusionsIn this large cohort study, low aerobic fitness or high BMI at age 18 was associated with higher risk of IHD in adulthood, with a negative multiplicative interaction. Low aerobic fitness appeared to account for a similar number of IHD cases among those with normal vs high BMI (that is, no additive interaction). These findings suggest that interventions to prevent IHD should begin early in life and include not only weight control but aerobic fitness, even among persons of normal weight.

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Physical activity, genes for physical fitness, and risk of coronary heart disease.

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Physical activity, genes for physical fitness, and risk of coronary heart disease.

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