Dataset Information

Eating attentively: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of food intake memory and awareness on eating.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cognitive processes such as attention and memory may influence food intake, but the degree to which they do is unclear.

Objective

The objective was to examine whether such cognitive processes influence the amount of food eaten either immediately or in subsequent meals.

Design

We systematically reviewed studies that examined experimentally the effect that manipulating memory, distraction, awareness, or attention has on food intake. We combined studies by using inverse variance meta-analysis, calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD) in food intake between experimental and control groups and assessing heterogeneity with the I(2) statistic.

Results

Twenty-four studies were reviewed. Evidence indicated that eating when distracted produced a moderate increase in immediate intake (SMD: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.53) but increased later intake to a greater extent (SMD: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.45, 1.07). The effect of distraction on immediate intake appeared to be independent of dietary restraint. Enhancing memory of food consumed reduced later intake (SMD: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.68), but this effect may depend on the degree of the participants' tendencies toward disinhibited eating. Removing visual information about the amount of food eaten during a meal increased immediate intake (SMD: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.68). Enhancing awareness of food being eaten may not affect immediate intake (SMD: 0.09; 95% CI: -0.42, 0.35).

Conclusions

Evidence indicates that attentive eating is likely to influence food intake, and incorporation of attentive-eating principles into interventions provides a novel approach to aid weight loss and maintenance without the need for conscious calorie counting.

SUBMITTER: Robinson E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3607652 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Eating attentively: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of food intake memory and awareness on eating.

Robinson Eric E Aveyard Paul P Daley Amanda A Jolly Kate K Lewis Amanda A Lycett Deborah D Higgs Suzanne S

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20130227 4

<h4>Background</h4>Cognitive processes such as attention and memory may influence food intake, but the degree to which they do is unclear.<h4>Objective</h4>The objective was to examine whether such cognitive processes influence the amount of food eaten either immediately or in subsequent meals.<h4>Design</h4>We systematically reviewed studies that examined experimentally the effect that manipulating memory, distraction, awareness, or attention has on food intake. We combined studies by using inv ...[more]

PMID: 23446890

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Project description:BackgroundDietary energy density is thought to be a contributor to obesity, but the extent to which different magnitudes and types of reductions to food energy density decreases daily energy intake is unclear. The primary objective was to systematically review and meta-analyse experimental studies that have examined the effect that manipulating energy density of food has on total daily energy intake. Secondary objectives were to examine moderators of the effect that altering energy density has on daily energy intake and effects on body weight.MethodsA systematic review and multi-level meta-analysis of studies on human participants that used an experimental design to manipulate the energy density of foods served and measured energy intake for a minimum of 1 day.ResultsThirty-one eligible studies sampling both children (n = 4) and adults (n = 27) contributed 90 effects comparing the effect of higher vs. lower energy density of served food on daily energy intake to the primary meta-analysis. Lower energy density of food was associated with a large decrease in daily energy intake (SMD = - 1.002 [95% CI: - 0.745 to - 1.266]). Findings were consistent across studies that did vs. did not manipulate macronutrient content to vary energy density. The relation between decreasing energy density and daily energy intake tended to be strong and linear, whereby compensation for decreases to energy density of foods (i.e. by eating more at other meals) was minimal. Meta-analysis of (n = 5) studies indicated that serving lower energy dense food tended to be associated with greater weight loss than serving higher energy dense food, but this difference was not significant (- 0.7 kg difference in weight change, 95% CIs: - 1.34, 0.04).ConclusionsDecreasing the energy density of food can substantially reduce daily energy intake and may therefore be an effective public health approach to reducing population level energy intake.Trial registrationRegistered on PROSPERO ( CRD42020223973 ).

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Dataset Information

Eating attentively: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of food intake memory and awareness on eating.

Background

Objective

Design

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Eating attentively: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of food intake memory and awareness on eating.

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