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Down-regulation of metallothionein 1 and 2 after exposure to electromagnetic field in mouse testis.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:It is proved that testis is sensitive to electromagnetic field (EMF) and its damage results in infertility. Exposure to EMF induces reactive oxygen species production and affects on anti-oxidants defense mechanisms. Metallothionein (MT) is a name for a group of low molecular weight (6-7 kDa), sulfhydryl rich proteins. Expression of MT1 and MT2 genes in testis tissue after EMF exposure was aimed in this study. METHODS:Male BALB/c mice (8 weeks old) were exposed to 3 MT EMF for 8 weeks, 4 hours/day. After 8 weeks, the mice were sacrificed and the testis tissue was removed. The testis pieces were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and analyzed under an optical microscope. Assessment of MT1 and MT2 genes and also protein expression was performed by real-time PCR and Western-blot, respectively. RESULTS:In light microscopic observation, the number of primary spermatocytes was increased significantly in EMF group (P < 0.01). In addition, in interstitial space, the number of leydig cells was increased significantly in EMF group (P < 0.01) and basement membrane thickness was increased as well. MT1 and MT2 genes were down-regulated significantly in testis tissue of mice exposed to EMF both in mRNA and protein level compared to control. CONCLUSION:It is clear that MT is mediated in testis development and spermatogenesis. Down-regulation of MT1 and MT2 after EMF in mouse testis might be followed by some consequences that result in infertility.

SUBMITTER: Ebrahimi-Kalan A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3614251 | biostudies-literature | 2011

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Down-regulation of metallothionein 1 and 2 after exposure to electromagnetic field in mouse testis.

Ebrahimi-Kalan Abbas A Roudkenar Mehryar Habibi MH Halabian Raheleh R Milan Peiman Broki PB Zarrintan Armin A Roushandeh Amaneh Mohammadi AM

Iranian biomedical journal 20110101 4

<h4>Background</h4>It is proved that testis is sensitive to electromagnetic field (EMF) and its damage results in infertility. Exposure to EMF induces reactive oxygen species production and affects on anti-oxidants defense mechanisms. Metallothionein (MT) is a name for a group of low molecular weight (6-7 kDa), sulfhydryl rich proteins. Expression of MT1 and MT2 genes in testis tissue after EMF exposure was aimed in this study.<h4>Methods</h4>Male BALB/c mice (8 weeks old) were exposed to 3 MT E ...[more]

PMID: 22395140

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Project description:Some studies have shown that people living near a mobile phone base station may report sleep disturbances and discomfort. Using a rat model, we have previously shown that chronic exposure to a low-intensity radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) was associated with paradoxical sleep (PS) fragmentation and greater vasomotor tone in the tail. Here, we sought to establish whether sleep disturbances might result from the disturbance of thermoregulatory processes by a RF-EMF. We recorded thermal preference and sleep stage distribution in 18 young male Wistar rats. Nine animals were exposed to a low-intensity RF-EMF (900 MHz, 1 V x m(-1)) for five weeks and nine served as non-exposed controls. Thermal preference was assessed in an experimental chamber comprising three interconnected compartments, in which the air temperatures (Ta) were set to 24°C, 28°C and 31°C. Sleep and tail skin temperature were also recorded. Our results indicated that relative to control group, exposure to RF-EMF at 31°C was associated with a significantly lower tail skin temperature (-1.6°C) which confirmed previous data. During the light period, the exposed group preferred to sleep at Ta?=?31°C and the controls preferred Ta?=?28°C. The mean sleep duration in exposed group was significantly greater (by 15.5%) than in control group (due in turn to a significantly greater amount of slow wave sleep (SWS, +14.6%). Similarly, frequency of SWS was greater in exposed group (by 4.9 episodes.h-1). The PS did not differ significantly between the two groups. During the dark period, there were no significant intergroup differences. We conclude that RF-EMF exposure induced a shift in thermal preference towards higher temperatures. The shift in preferred temperature might result from a cold thermal sensation. The change in sleep stage distribution may involve signals from thermoreceptors in the skin. Modulation of SWS may be a protective adaptation in response to RF-EMF exposure.

Dataset Information

Down-regulation of metallothionein 1 and 2 after exposure to electromagnetic field in mouse testis.

Publications

Down-regulation of metallothionein 1 and 2 after exposure to electromagnetic field in mouse testis.

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