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When more transmission equals less disease: reconciling the disconnect between disease hotspots and parasite transmission.

ABSTRACT: The assumed straightforward connection between transmission intensity and disease occurrence impacts surveillance and control efforts along with statistical methodology, including parameter inference and niche modeling. Many infectious disease systems have the potential for this connection to be more complicated-although demonstrating this in any given disease system has remained elusive. Hemorrhagic disease (HD) is one of the most important diseases of white-tailed deer and is caused by viruses in the Orbivirus genus. Like many infectious diseases, the probability or severity of disease increases with age (after loss of maternal antibodies) and the probability of disease is lower upon re-infection compared to first infection (based on cross-immunity between virus strains). These broad criteria generate a prediction that disease occurrence is maximized at intermediate levels of transmission intensity. Using published US field data, we first fit a statistical model to predict disease occurrence as a function of seroprevalence (a proxy for transmission intensity), demonstrating that states with intermediate seroprevalence have the highest level of case reporting. We subsequently introduce an independently parameterized mechanistic model supporting the theory that high case reporting should come from areas with intermediate levels of transmission. This is the first rigorous demonstration of this phenomenon and illustrates that variation in transmission rate (e.g. along an ecologically-controlled transmission gradient) can create cryptic refuges for infectious diseases.

SUBMITTER: Park AW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3620270 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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When more transmission equals less disease: reconciling the disconnect between disease hotspots and parasite transmission.

Park Andrew W AW Magori Krisztian K White Brad A BA Stallknecht David E DE

PloS one 20130408 4

The assumed straightforward connection between transmission intensity and disease occurrence impacts surveillance and control efforts along with statistical methodology, including parameter inference and niche modeling. Many infectious disease systems have the potential for this connection to be more complicated-although demonstrating this in any given disease system has remained elusive. Hemorrhagic disease (HD) is one of the most important diseases of white-tailed deer and is caused by viruses ...[more]

PMID: 23579922

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Project description:Implantable chemoport is a very useful device for long-term venous access for infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs and other agents. There are few studies from resource poor countries reporting complications of chemoport. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the feasibility of chemoport insertion without image guidance and by closed technique without direct visualisation of a major vein (mainly IJV) and to study the complications associated with the procedure. This was a prospective observational study which analysed 263 patients who underwent chemoport insertion. The medical records of these patients were analysed for the patient characteristics, diagnosis, port-related complications, and their management. A total of 263 patients who were harbouring either locoregionally advanced or metastatic tumour requiring either chemotherapy or targeted treatment or both were included in the study. In total, 133 (50.57%) were female patients and 130 were male patients (49.43%). A total of 236 patients (89.73%) underwent port insertion procedures under local anaesthesia. None of the patients had any major intra-operative complications. Postoperatively, 4 patients (1.52%) were found to have port catheter malposition; 3 out of this 4 were corrected under IITV guidance as a second procedure under local anaesthesia only. One patient (0.38%) required formal removal and replacement of port. Four patients (1.52%) developed IJV thrombosis requiring port removal and anti-coagulation. One patient (0.38%) developed thrombus in the right atrium. There were 2 port site infections (0.74%) requiring port removal (SSI cat. 5). Low complication rates of port insertion were observed in the present, large, prospective study. Complication rates may be further reduced by using a well-designed procedure, experienced surgeons, an aseptic environment, ultrasound-guided puncture, and fluoroscopy with contrast media.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13193-020-01265-6.

Dataset Information

When more transmission equals less disease: reconciling the disconnect between disease hotspots and parasite transmission.

Publications

When more transmission equals less disease: reconciling the disconnect between disease hotspots and parasite transmission.

Similar Datasets

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