Dataset Information

Fetal growth and prenatal exposure to bisphenol A: the generation R study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been associated with adverse birth outcomes, but findings of previous studies have been inconsistent.

Objective

We investigated the relation of prenatal BPA exposure with intrauterine growth and evaluated the effect of the number of measurements per subject on observed associations.

Methods

This study was embedded in a Dutch population-based prospective cohort study, with urine samples collected during early, mid-, and late pregnancy. The study comprised 219 women, of whom 99 had one measurement, 40 had two measurements, and 80 had three measurements of urinary BPA. Fetal growth characteristics were repeatedly measured by ultrasound during pregnancy and combined with measurements at birth. Linear regression models for repeated measurements of both BPA and fetal growth were used to estimate associations between urinary concentrations of creatinine-based BPA (BPACB) and intrauterine growth.

Results

The relationship between BPACB and fetal growth was sensitive to the number of BPA measurements per woman. Among 80 women with three BPA measurements, women with BPACB > 4.22 ?g/g crea (creatinine) had lower growth rates for fetal weight and head circumference than did women with BPACB < 1.54 ?g/g crea, with estimated differences in mean values at birth of -683 g (20.3% of mean) and -3.9 cm (11.5% of mean), respectively. When fewer measurements were available per woman, the exposure-response relationship became progressively attenuated and statistically nonsignificant.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that maternal urinary BPA may impair fetal growth. Because previous studies have shown contradictory findings, further evidence is needed to corroborate these findings in the general population.

SUBMITTER: Snijder CA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3621207 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Fetal growth and prenatal exposure to bisphenol A: the generation R study.

Snijder Claudia A CA Heederik Dick D Pierik Frank H FH Hofman Albert A Jaddoe Vincent W VW Koch Holger M HM Longnecker Matthew P MP Burdorf Alex A

Environmental health perspectives 20120103 3

<h4>Background</h4>Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been associated with adverse birth outcomes, but findings of previous studies have been inconsistent.<h4>Objective</h4>We investigated the relation of prenatal BPA exposure with intrauterine growth and evaluated the effect of the number of measurements per subject on observed associations.<h4>Methods</h4>This study was embedded in a Dutch population-based prospective cohort study, with urine samples collected during early, mid-, and l ...[more]

PMID: 23459363

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Project description:BackgroundPrenatal exposure to mixtures of nonpersistent chemicals is universal. Most studies examining these chemicals in association with fetal growth have been restricted to single exposure models, ignoring their potentially cumulative impact.ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the association between prenatal exposure to a mixture of phthalates, bisphenols, and organophosphate (OP) pesticides and fetal measures of head circumference, femur length, and weight.MethodsWithin the Generation R Study, a population-based cohort in Netherlands (n=776), urinary concentrations of 11 phthalate metabolites, 3 bisphenols, and 5 dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites were measured at <18, 18-25, and >25 weeks of gestation and averaged. Ultrasound measures of head circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were taken at 18-25 and >25 weeks of gestation, and measurements of head circumference, length, and weight were performed at delivery. We estimated the difference in each fetal measurement per quartile increase in all exposures within the mixture with quantile g-computation.ResultsThe average EFW at 18-25 wk and >25wk was 369 and 1,626g, respectively, and the average birth weight was 3,451g. Higher exposure was associated with smaller fetal and newborn growth parameters in a nonlinear fashion. At 18-25 wk, fetuses in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of exposure (Q2-Q4) had 26g [95% confidence intervals (CI):-38, -13], 35g (95% CI: -55, -15), and 27g (95% CI: -54, 1) lower EFW compared with those in the first quartile (Q1). A similar dose-response pattern was observed at >25wk, but all effect sizes were smaller, and no association was observed comparing Q4 to Q1. At birth, we observed no differences in weight between Q1-Q2 or Q1-Q3. However, fetuses in Q4 had 91g (95% CI: -258, 76) lower birth weight in comparison with those in Q1. Results observed at 18-25 and >25wk were similar for femur length; however, no differences were observed at birth. No associations were observed for head circumference.DiscussionHigher exposure to a mixture of phthalates, bisphenols, and OP pesticides was associated with lower EFW in the midpregnancy period. In late pregnancy, these differences were similar but less pronounced. At birth, the only associations observed appeared when comparing individuals from Q1 and Q4. This finding suggests that even low levels of exposure may be sufficient to influence growth in early pregnancy, whereas higher levels may be necessary to affect birth weight. Joint exposure to nonpersistent chemicals may adversely impact fetal growth, and because these exposures are widespread, this impact could be substantial. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9178.

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Dataset Information

Fetal growth and prenatal exposure to bisphenol A: the generation R study.

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Fetal growth and prenatal exposure to bisphenol A: the generation R study.

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