Dataset Information

BiVax: a peptide/poly-IC subunit vaccine that mimics an acute infection elicits vast and effective anti-tumor CD8 T-cell responses.

ABSTRACT: Therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of cancer are an attractive alternative to some of the conventional therapies that are currently used. More importantly, vaccines could be very useful to prevent recurrences when applied after primary therapy. Unfortunately, most therapeutic vaccines for cancer have performed poorly due to the low level of immune responses that they induce. Previous work done in our laboratory in cancer mouse models demonstrated that vaccines consisting of synthetic peptides representing minimal CD8 T-cell epitopes administered i.v. mixed with poly-IC and anti-CD40 antibodies (TriVax) were capable of inducing massive T cell responses similar to those found during acute infections. We now report that some peptides are capable of inducing similarly large T cell responses after vaccination with poly-IC alone (BiVax). The results show that amphiphilic peptides are more likely to function as strong immunogens in BiVax and that systemic immunizations (i.v. or i.m.) were more effective than local (s.c.) vaccine administration. The immune responses induced by BiVax were found to be effective against established tumors in two mouse cancer models. The roles of various immune-related pathways such as type-I IFN, CD40 costimulation, CD4 T cells, TLRs and the MDA5 RNA helicase were examined. The present findings could facilitate the development of simple and effective subunit vaccines for diseases where CD8 T cells provide a therapeutic benefit.

SUBMITTER: Cho HI

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3625508 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

BiVax: a peptide/poly-IC subunit vaccine that mimics an acute infection elicits vast and effective anti-tumor CD8 T-cell responses.

Cho Hyun-Il HI Barrios Kelly K Lee Young-Ran YR Linowski Angelika K AK Celis Esteban E

Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 20121225 4

Therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of cancer are an attractive alternative to some of the conventional therapies that are currently used. More importantly, vaccines could be very useful to prevent recurrences when applied after primary therapy. Unfortunately, most therapeutic vaccines for cancer have performed poorly due to the low level of immune responses that they induce. Previous work done in our laboratory in cancer mouse models demonstrated that vaccines consisting of synthetic peptide ...[more]

PMID: 23266830

Similar Datasets

Project description:Current vaccination schedules, including COVID-19 vaccines, require multiple doses to be administered. Single injection vaccines eliciting equivalent immune response are highly desirable. Unfortunately because unconventional release kinetics are difficult to achieve it still remains a huge challenge. Herein a single-injection COVID-19 vaccine was designed using a highly programmable release system based on dynamic layer-by-layer (LBL) films. The antigen, S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, was loaded in CaCO3 microspheres, which were further coated with tannic acid (TA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) LBL films. The single-injection vaccine was obtained by mixing the microspheres coated with different thickness of TA/PEG films. Because of the unique constant-rate erosion behavior of the TA/PEG coatings, this system allows for distinct multiple pulsatile release of antigen, closely mimicking the release profile of antigen in conventional multiple dose vaccines. Immunization with the single injection vaccine induces potent and persistent S1-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. The sera from the vaccinated animal exhibit robust in vitro viral neutralization ability. More importantly, the immune response and viral inhibition induced by the single injection vaccine are as strong as that induced by the corresponding multiple dose vaccine, because they share the same antigen release profile. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Vaccines are the most powerful and cost-effective weapons against infectious diseases such as COVID-19. However, current vaccination schedules, including the COVID-19 vaccines, require multiple doses to be administered. Herein a single-injection COVID-19 vaccine is designed using a highly programmable release system. This vaccine releases antigens in a pulsatile manner, closely mimicking the release pattern of antigens in conventional multiple dose vaccines. As a result, one single injection of the new vaccine induces an immune response and viral inhibition similar to that induced by the corresponding multiple-dose vaccine approach.

Project description:BackgroundDendritic cells (DCs) enhance the quality of anti-tumor immune response in patients with cancer. Thus, we posit that DC-based immunotherapy, in conjunction with toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 agonist poly-ICLC, is a promising approach for harnessing immunity against metastatic or locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer (PC).MethodsWe generated autologous DCs from the peripheral blood of HLA-A2+ patients with PC. DCs were pulsed with three distinct A2-restricted peptides: 1) human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT, TERT572Y), 2) carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA; Cap1-6D), and 3) survivin (SRV.A2). Patients received four intradermal injections of 1 × 107 peptide-pulsed DC vaccines every 2 weeks (Day 0, 14, 28, and 42). Concurrently, patients received intramuscular administration of Poly-ICLC at 30 μg/Kg on vaccination days (i.e., day 0, 14, 28, and 42), as well as on days 3, 17, 21, 31, 37, and 45. Our key objective was to assess safety and feasibility. The effect of DC vaccination on immune response was measured at each DC injection time point by enumerating the phenotype and function of patient T cells.ResultsTwelve patients underwent apheresis: nine patients with metastatic disease, and three patients with locally advanced unresectable disease. Vaccines were successfully manufactured from all individuals. We found that this treatment was well-tolerated, with the most common symptoms being fatigue and/or self-limiting flu-like symptoms. Among the eight patients who underwent imaging on day 56, four patients experienced stable disease while four patients had disease progression. The median overall survival was 7.7 months. One patient survived for 28 months post leukapheresis. MHC class I -tetramer analysis before and after vaccination revealed effective generation of antigen-specific T cells in three patients with stable disease.ConclusionVaccination with peptide-pulsed DCs in combination with poly-ICLC is safe and induces a measurable tumor specific T cell population in patients with advanced PC.Trial registrationNCT01410968 ; Name of registry: clinicaltrials.gov; Date of registration: 08/04/2011).

Project description:Influenza vaccines that can be administered intranasally or by other needle-free delivery routes have potential advantages over injected formulations in terms of patient compliance, cost, and ease of global distribution. Supramolecular peptide nanofibers have been investigated previously as platforms for vaccines and immunotherapies and have been shown to raise immune responses in the absence of exogenous adjuvants and without measurable inflammation. However, at present it has not been tested whether the immunogenicity of these materials extends to the intranasal route. Here we investigated the extent to which self-assembled peptide nanofibers bearing an influenza peptide epitope elicit antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses when delivered intranasally, and we compared these responses with those elicited by subcutaneous immunization. Peptides containing an epitope from influenza acid polymerase (PA) and the Q11 self-assembly domain formed nanofibers that were avidly taken up by dendritic cells in lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes after intranasal immunization. Intranasally delivered nanofibers generated greater antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses in the lung-draining lymph nodes than subcutaneous immunizations while retaining the non-inflammatory character of the materials observed in other delivery sites. The CD8+ T cells elicited systemically were functional as assessed by their ability to produce IFN-γ ex vivo, lyse epitope-pulsed target cells in vivo, and diminish viral loads in infected mice. Compared to subcutaneously delivered nanofibers, intranasally delivered peptide nanofibers significantly increased the number of persisting antigen-specific tissue resident memory CD8+ T cells in the lung, allowing for a more rapid response to infection at 6 weeks post-vaccination. These results indicate that intranasally delivered self-assembled peptide nanofibers are immunogenic when delivering CD8+ epitopes without adjuvant or CD4+ epitopes, are non-inflammatory, and promote more lung-resident memory CD8+ T cells compared to subcutaneous immunization.

Project description:Experiment on the effects of ethanol (acute oral) on induction of genes by polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly IC). Microarray methodology follows: cDNA for each sample was synthesized from 8.5 µg total RNA using a Superscript cDNA Synthesis Kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) in combination with a T7-(dT)24 primer. Following phenol-chloroform extraction of the cDNA, biotinylated cRNA was transcribed in vitro using the BioArray HighYield RNA Transcript Labeling Kit (ENZO Biochem, New York, NY) and purified using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). Twenty micrograms of purified cRNA was fragmented by incubation in fragmentation buffer (200 mM Tris-acetate, pH 8.1, 500 mM potassium acetate, 150 mM magnesium acetate) at 94°C for 35 minutes and chilled on ice. Fifteen micrograms of fragmented biotin-labeled cRNA was hybridized to the Murine Genome U74Av2 Array (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA), interrogating a total of 12,488 murine gene cDNA probes, for 16 hr at 45°C with constant rotation (60 rpm). The arrays were washed and then stained for 10 min at 25°C with 10 µg/mL streptavidin-R phycoerythrin (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) followed by 3 µg/mL biotinylated goat anti-streptavidin antibody (Vector Laboratories) for 10 minutes at 25°C. Arrays were then stained once again with streptavidin-R phycoerythrin for 10 min at 25°C. After washing and staining, the arrays were scanned using an Agilent GeneArray Scanner (Agilent Technologies) at 570 nm. Pixel intensities were measured, expression signals were analyzed and features extracted using a commercial software package (Microarray Suite ver 5.0, Affymetrix). Data mining and statistical analyses were performed with Data Mining Tool ver 3.0 (Affymetrix) algorithms. Arrays were globally scaled to a target intensity value of 2,500 in order to compare individual experiments. The absolute call (present, marginal, absent) of 12,488 gene expressions in each sample, as well as the direction of change, and fold change of gene expressions between samples were identified using the above-mentioned software. Keywords: other

Dataset Information

BiVax: a peptide/poly-IC subunit vaccine that mimics an acute infection elicits vast and effective anti-tumor CD8 T-cell responses.

Publications

BiVax: a peptide/poly-IC subunit vaccine that mimics an acute infection elicits vast and effective anti-tumor CD8 T-cell responses.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets