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Quantitative characterization of glycan-receptor binding of H9N2 influenza A virus hemagglutinin.

ABSTRACT: Avian influenza subtypes such as H5, H7 and H9 are yet to adapt to the human host so as to establish airborne transmission between humans. However, lab-generated reassorted viruses possessing hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from an avian H9 isolate and other genes from a human-adapted (H3 or H1) subtype acquired two amino acid changes in HA and a single amino acid change in NA that confer respiratory droplet transmission in ferrets. We previously demonstrated for human-adapted H1, H2 and H3 subtypes that quantitative binding affinity of their HA to ?2?6 sialylated glycan receptors correlates with respiratory droplet transmissibility of the virus in ferrets. Such a relationship remains to be established for H9 HA. In this study, we performed a quantitative biochemical characterization of glycan receptor binding properties of wild-type and mutant forms of representative H9 HAs that were previously used in context of reassorted viruses in ferret transmission studies. We demonstrate here that distinct molecular interactions in the glycan receptor-binding site of different H9 HAs affect the glycan-binding specificity and affinity. Further we show that ?2?6 glycan receptor-binding affinity of a mutant H9 HA carrying Thr-189?Ala amino acid change correlates with the respiratory droplet transmission in ferrets conferred by this change. Our findings contribute to a framework for monitoring the evolution of H9 HA by understanding effects of molecular changes in HA on glycan receptor-binding properties.

SUBMITTER: Srinivasan K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3634032 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Quantitative characterization of glycan-receptor binding of H9N2 influenza A virus hemagglutinin.

Srinivasan Karunya K Raman Rahul R Jayaraman Akila A Viswanathan Karthik K Sasisekharan Ram R

PloS one 20130423 4

Avian influenza subtypes such as H5, H7 and H9 are yet to adapt to the human host so as to establish airborne transmission between humans. However, lab-generated reassorted viruses possessing hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from an avian H9 isolate and other genes from a human-adapted (H3 or H1) subtype acquired two amino acid changes in HA and a single amino acid change in NA that confer respiratory droplet transmission in ferrets. We previously demonstrated for human-adapted H1 ...[more]

PMID: 23626667

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Project description:Some avian influenza (AI) viruses have a deletion of up to 20 to 30 amino acids in their neuraminidase (NA) stalk. This has been associated with changes in virus replication and host range. Currently prevalent H9N2 AI viruses have only a 2- or 3-amino-acid deletion, and such deletions were detected in G1 and Y280 lineage viruses, respectively. The effect of an NA deletion on the H9N2 phenotype has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we isolated G1 mutants that carried an 8-amino-acid deletion in their NA stalk. To systematically analyze the effect of NA stalk length and concomitant (de)glycosylation on G1 replication and host range, we generated G1 viruses that had various NA stalk lengths and that were either glycosylated or not glycosylated. The stalk length was correlated with NA sialidase activity, using low-molecular-weight substrates, and with virus elution efficacy from erythrocytes. G1 virus replication in avian cells and eggs was positively correlated with the NA stalk length but was negatively correlated in human cells and mice. NA stalk length modulated G1 virus entry into host cells, with shorter stalks enabling more efficient G1 entry into human cells. However, with a hemagglutinin (HA) with a higher α2,6-linked sialylglycan affinity, the effect of NA stalk length on G1 virus infection was reversed, with shorter NA stalks reducing virus entry into human cells. These results indicate that a balance between HA binding affinity and NA sialidase activity, modulated by NA stalk length, is required for optimal G1 virus entry into human airway cells.IMPORTANCE H9N2 avian influenza (AI) virus, one of the most prevalent AI viruses, has caused repeated poultry and human infections, posing a huge public health risk. The H9N2 virus has diversified into multiple lineages, with the G1 lineage being the most prevalent worldwide. In this study, we isolated G1 variants carrying an 8-amino-acid deletion in their NA stalk, which is, to our knowledge, the longest deletion found in H9N2 viruses in the field. The NA stalk length was found to modulate G1 virus entry into host cells, with the effects being species specific and dependent on the corresponding HA binding affinity. Our results suggest that, in nature, H9N2 G1 viruses balance their HA and NA functions by the NA stalk length, leading to the possible association of host range and virulence in poultry and mammals during the evolution of G1 lineage viruses.

Dataset Information

Quantitative characterization of glycan-receptor binding of H9N2 influenza A virus hemagglutinin.

Publications

Quantitative characterization of glycan-receptor binding of H9N2 influenza A virus hemagglutinin.

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