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Blood pressure dipping: ethnicity, sleep quality, and sympathetic nervous system activity.

ABSTRACT: Blunted blood pressure (BP) dipping is an established predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Although blunted BP dipping is more common in African Americans than whites, the factors contributing to this ethnic difference are not well understood. This study examined the relationships of BP dipping to ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), sleep quality, and fall in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity during the sleep-period.On three occasions, 128 participants with untreated high clinic BP (130-159/85-99 mm Hg) underwent assessments of 24-h ambulatory BP (ABP), sleep quality, (evaluated by sleep interview, self-report, actigraphy) and sleep-period fall in sympathetic activity (measured by waking/sleep urinary catecholamine excretion).Compared to whites (n = 72), African Americans (n = 56) exhibited higher sleep-period systolic (SBP) (P = 0.01) and diastolic BP (DBP) (P < 0.001), blunted SBP dipping (P = 0.01), greater BMI (P = 0.049), and poorer sleep quality (P = 0.02). SBP dipping was correlated with BMI (r = -0.32, P < 0.001), sleep quality (r = 0.30, P < 0.001), and sleep-period fall in sympathetic activity (r = 0.30, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analyses indicated that these three factors were independent determinants of sleep-period SBP dipping; ethnic differences in dipping were attenuated when controlling for these factors.Blunted BP dipping was related to higher BMI, poorer sleep quality, and a lesser decline in sleep-period SNS activity. Although African-American ethnicity also was associated with blunted dipping compared to whites in unadjusted analyses, this ethnic difference was diminished when BMI, sleep quality, and sympathetic activity were taken into account.

SUBMITTER: Sherwood A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3638212 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Blood pressure dipping: ethnicity, sleep quality, and sympathetic nervous system activity.

Sherwood Andrew A Routledge Faye S FS Wohlgemuth William K WK Hinderliter Alan L AL Kuhn Cynthia M CM Blumenthal James A JA

American journal of hypertension 20110602 9

<h4>Background</h4>Blunted blood pressure (BP) dipping is an established predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Although blunted BP dipping is more common in African Americans than whites, the factors contributing to this ethnic difference are not well understood. This study examined the relationships of BP dipping to ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), sleep quality, and fall in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity during the sleep-period.<h4>Methods</h4>On three occasions, 128 partic ...[more]

PMID: 21633397

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Project description:Rationale: Maternal obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSAH) is associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Attenuation of the normal nocturnal blood pressure (BP) decline (non-dipping) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. OSAH is associated with nocturnal non-dipping in the general population, but this has not been studied in pregnancy. We therefore analyzed baseline data from an ongoing RCT (NCT03309826) assessing the impact of OSAH treatment on HDP outcomes, to evaluate the relationship of OSAH to 24-h BP profile, in particular nocturnal BP dipping, and measures of arterial stiffness. Methods: Women with a singleton pregnancy and HDP underwent level II polysomnography. Patients with OSAH (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5 events/h) then underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring and arterial stiffness measurements (applanation tonometry, SphygmoCor). Positive dipping was defined as nocturnal systolic blood pressure (SBP) dip ≥ 10%. The relationships between measures of OSAH severity, measures of BP and arterial stiffness were evaluated using linear regression analyses. Results: We studied 51 HDP participants (36.5 ± 4.9 years, BMI 36.9 ± 8.6 kg/m2) with OSAH with mean AHI 27.7 ± 26.4 events/h at 25.0 ± 4.9 weeks' gestation. We found no significant relationships between AHI or other OSA severity measures and mean 24-h BP values, although BP was generally well-controlled. Most women were SBP non-dippers (78.4%). AHI showed a significant inverse correlation with % SBP dipping following adjustment for age, BMI, parity, gestational age, and BP medications (β = -0.11, p = 0.02). Significant inverse correlations were also observed between AHI and DBP (β = -0.16, p = 0.01) and MAP (β = -0.13, p = 0.02) % dipping. Oxygen desaturation index and sleep time below SaO2 90% were also inversely correlated with % dipping. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and REM AHI (β = 0.02, p = 0.04) in unadjusted but not adjusted analysis. Conclusion: Blood pressure non-dipping was observed in a majority of women with HDP and OSAH. There were significant inverse relationships between OSAH severity measures and nocturnal % dipping. Increased arterial stiffness was associated with increasing severity of OSAH during REM sleep in unadjusted although not adjusted analysis. These findings suggest that OSAH may represent a therapeutic target to improve BP profile and vascular risk in HDP.

Dataset Information

Blood pressure dipping: ethnicity, sleep quality, and sympathetic nervous system activity.

Publications

Blood pressure dipping: ethnicity, sleep quality, and sympathetic nervous system activity.

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