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Feline origin of rotavirus strain, Tunisia, 2008.

ABSTRACT: In Tunisia in 2008, an unusual G6P[9] rotavirus, RVA/human-wt/TUN/17237/2008/G6P[9], rarely found in humans, was detected in a child. To determine the origin of this strain, we conducted phylogenetic analyses and found a unique genotype constellation resembling rotaviruses belonging to the feline BA222-like genotype constellation. The strain probably resulted from direct cat-to-human transmission.

SUBMITTER: Ben Hadj Fredj M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3647418 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundAlthough live attenuated monovalent human rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) efficacy has been characterized through randomized studies, its effectiveness, especially in non-clinical settings, is less clear. In this study, we estimate the impact of childhood Rotarix® vaccination on community rotavirus prevalence.MethodsWe analyse 10 years of serial population-based diarrhoea case-control study, which also included testing for rotavirus infection (n = 3430), and 29 months of all-cause diarrhoea active surveillance from a child cohort (n = 376) from rural Ecuador during a period in which Rotarix vaccination was introduced. We use weighted logistic regression from the case-control data to assess changes in community rotavirus prevalence (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) and all-cause diarrhoea after the vaccine was introduced. We also assess changes in all-cause diarrhoea rates in the child cohort (born 2008-13) using Cox regression, comparing time to first all-cause diarrhoea case by vaccine status.ResultsOverall, vaccine introduction among age-eligible children was associated with a 82.9% reduction [95% confidence interval (CI): 49.4%, 94.2%] in prevalence of rotavirus in participants without diarrhoea symptoms and a 46.0% reduction (95% CI: 6.2%, 68.9%) in prevalence of rotavirus infection among participants experiencing diarrhoea. Whereas all age groups benefited, this reduction was strongest among the youngest age groups. For young children, prevalence of symptomatic diarrhoea also decreased in the post-vaccine period in both the case-control study (reduction in prevalence for children <1 year of age = 69.3%, 95% CI: 8.7%, 89.7%) and the cohort study (reduction in hazard for receipt of two Rotarix doses among children aged 0.5-2 years = 57.1%, 95% CI: 16.6, 77.9%).ConclusionsRotarix vaccination may suppress transmission, including asymptomatic transmission, in low- and middle-income settings. It was highly effective among children in a rural community setting and provides population-level benefits through indirect protection among adults.

Project description:BackgroundRotavirus G10P[11] strains have long been associated with asymptomatic neonatal infections in some parts of India. We have previously reported G10P[11] strains associated with both asymptomatic infections and severe gastrointestinal disease in neonates from Vellore in southern India, with >90% partial nucleotide and amino acid identity to the VP4, VP6, VP7 and NSP4 genes of the exclusively asymptomatic G10P[11] strain I321.ObjectivesIn this study, the whole genome of a G10P[11] isolate (N155) from a neonate with severe gastrointestinal disease was characterized to determine whether there were significant differences in its genetic makeup in comparison to G10P[11] strain I321 and to establish the origin of the G10P[11] strains in Vellore.Study designPCR amplification and complete genome sequencing was carried out for all 11 gene segments of symptomatic G10P[11] rotavirus isolate N155. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarity with I321, other human and bovine strains for each gene segment were determined. The origin of each gene was determined based on the degree of identity to bovine or human rotavirus strains.ResultsN155 was found to be a reassortant between human and bovine rotaviruses. With the exception of NSP2, gene sequences of strain N155 showed >90% identity to published sequences of I321. Gene segments encoding NSP1, 2 and 3 were of human rotavirus origin for both strains; however, phylogenetic analysis of NSP2 sequences indicated that the human parental strain that led to the origin of these bovine-human reassortant strains was different. There were no significant differences between NSP2 sequences of strains from symptomatic and asymptomatic neonates in the same setting.ConclusionsThe study shows that the difference in clinical presentations in neonates may not be due to the limited variability in the genome sequence of G10P[11] strains and that G10P[11] strains in different parts of India could have evolved through reassortment of different parental strains.

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Feline origin of rotavirus strain, Tunisia, 2008.

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