Dataset Information

Influenza and RSV make a modest contribution to invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in the UK.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

The common seasonality of incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and viral respiratory infections has long been recognized, however, the extent to which this affects the association between the pathogens is unknown. We have analysed weekly surveillance data of IPD, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), using ambient temperature and hours of sunshine as measures of seasonality.

Methods

Reported cases of influenza, IPD and RSV, were collected in England and Wales, from week 1 (January) 1996 to week 23 (June) 2009. The associations between IPD and respiratory viral infections were analysed using several statistical methods, including correlation coefficients and both additive and multiplicative regression models.

Results

6-7.5% of cases of IPD are attributable to influenza and 3-4% attributable to RSV. Correlation coefficients reported considerably stronger associations between IPD and the viral infections compared to regression models.

Conclusions

A small but potentially important percentage of IPD may be attributable to influenza and RSV when adjusted for seasonality by temperature. Jointly these viral infections may lead to over 10% of IPD cases. Therefore, prevention of viral respiratory infections may offer some additional benefit in reducing invasive pneumococcal infections.

SUBMITTER: Nicoli EJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3650581 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Influenza and RSV make a modest contribution to invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in the UK.

Nicoli Emily J EJ Trotter Caroline L CL Turner Katherine M E KM Colijn Caroline C Waight Pauline P Miller Elizabeth E

The Journal of infection 20130305 6

<h4>Objectives</h4>The common seasonality of incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and viral respiratory infections has long been recognized, however, the extent to which this affects the association between the pathogens is unknown. We have analysed weekly surveillance data of IPD, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), using ambient temperature and hours of sunshine as measures of seasonality.<h4>Methods</h4>Reported cases of influenza, IPD and RSV, were collected in Engla ...[more]

PMID: 23473714

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Project description:Importance:Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most commonly identified cause of bacterial pneumonia, and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has a high case fatality rate. The wintertime coseasonality of influenza and IPD in temperate countries has suggested that pathogen-pathogen interaction or environmental conditions may contribute to IPD risk. Objectives:To evaluate the short-term associations of influenza activity and environmental exposures with IPD risk in temperate countries and to examine the generalizability of such associations across multiple jurisdictions. Design, Setting, and Participants:This case-crossover analysis of 19?566 individuals with IPD from 1998 to 2011 combined individual-level outcomes of IPD and population-level exposures. Participants lived in 12 jurisdictions in Canada (the province of Alberta and cities of Toronto, Vancouver, and Halifax), Australia (Perth, Sydney, Adelaide, Brisbane, and Melbourne), and the United States (Baltimore, Providence, and Philadelphia). Data were analyzed in 2019. Exposures:Influenza activity, mean temperature, absolute humidity, and UV radiation at delays of 1 to 3 weeks before case occurrence in each jurisdiction. Main Outcomes and Measures:Matched odds ratios (ORs) for IPD associated with changes in exposure variables, estimated using multivariable conditional logistic regression models. Heterogeneity in effects across jurisdictions were evaluated using random-effects meta-analytic models. Results:This study included 19?566 patients: 9629 from Australia (mean [SD] age, 42.8 [30.8] years; 5280 [54.8%] men), 8522 from Canada (only case date reported), and 1415 from the United States (only case date reported). In adjusted models, increased influenza activity was associated with increases in IPD risk 2 weeks later (adjusted OR [aOR] per SD increase, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13). Increased humidity was associated with decreased IPD risk 1 week later (aOR per 1 g/m3, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-1.00). Other associations were heterogeneous; metaregression suggested that combinations of environmental factors might represent unique local risk signatures. For example, the heterogeneity in effects of UV radiation and humidity at a 2-week lag was partially explained by variation in temperature (UV index: coefficient, 0.0261; 95% CI, 0.0078 to 0.0444; absolute humidity: coefficient, -0.0077; 95% CI, -0.0125 to -0.0030). Conclusions and Relevance:In this study, influenza was associated with increased IPD risk in temperate countries. This association was not explained by coseasonality or case characteristics and appears generalizable. Absolute humidity was associated with decreased IPD risk in the same jurisdictions. The generalizable nature of these associations has important implications for influenza control and advances the understanding of the seasonality of this important disease.

Dataset Information

Influenza and RSV make a modest contribution to invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in the UK.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Influenza and RSV make a modest contribution to invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in the UK.

Similar Datasets

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