Dataset Information

Vascular-targeted therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

ABSTRACT: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common muscular dystrophy and an X-linked recessive, progressive muscle wasting disease caused by the absence of a functional dystrophin protein. Dystrophin has a structural role as a cytoskeletal stabilization protein and protects cells against contraction-induced damage. Dystrophin also serves a signaling role through mechanotransduction of forces and localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which produces nitric oxide (NO) to facilitate vasorelaxation. In DMD, the signaling defects produce inadequate tissue perfusion caused by functional ischemia due to a diminished ability to respond to shear stress induced endothelium-dependent dilation. Additionally, the structural defects seen in DMD render myocytes with an increased susceptibility to mechanical stress. The combination of both defects is necessary to generate myocyte damage, which induces successive rounds of myofiber degeneration and regeneration, loss of calcium homeostasis, chronic inflammatory response, fibrosis, and myonecrosis. In individuals with DMD, these processes inevitably cause loss of ambulation shortly after the first decade and an abbreviated life with death in the third or fourth decade due to cardio-respiratory anomalies. There is no known cure for DMD, and although the culpable gene has been identified for more than twenty years, research on treatments has produced few clinically relevant results. Several recent studies on novel DMD therapeutics are vascular targeted and focused on attenuating the inherent functional ischemia. One approach improves vasorelaxation capacity through pharmaceutical inhibition of either phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Another approach increases the density of the underlying vascular network by inducing angiogenesis, and this has been accomplished through either direct delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or by downregulating the VEGF decoy-receptor type 1 (VEGFR-1 or Flt-1). The pro-angiogenic approaches also seem to be pro-myogenic and could resolve the age-related decline in satellite cell (SC) quantity seen in mdx models through expansion of the SC juxtavascular niche. Here we review these four vascular targeted treatment strategies for DMD and discuss mechanisms, proof of concept, and the potential for clinical relevance associated with each therapy.

SUBMITTER: Ennen JP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3651321 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Vascular-targeted therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Ennen James P JP Verma Mayank M Asakura Atsushi A

Skeletal muscle 20130423 1

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common muscular dystrophy and an X-linked recessive, progressive muscle wasting disease caused by the absence of a functional dystrophin protein. Dystrophin has a structural role as a cytoskeletal stabilization protein and protects cells against contraction-induced damage. Dystrophin also serves a signaling role through mechanotransduction of forces and localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which produces nitric oxide (NO) to facilit ...[more]

PMID: 23618411

Similar Datasets

Project description:Dystrophinopathies cover a spectrum of rare progressive X-linked muscle diseases, arising from DMD mutations. They are among the most common pediatric muscular dystrophies, being Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) the most severe form. Despite the fact that there is still no cure for these serious diseases, unprecedented advances are being made for the development of therapies for DMD. Some of which are already conditionally approved: exon skipping and premature stop codon read-through. The present work aimed to characterize the mutational spectrum of DMD in an Argentinian cohort, to identify candidates for available pharmacogenetic treatments and finally, to conduct a comparative analysis of the Latin American (LA) frequencies of mutations amenable for available DMD therapies. We studied 400 patients with clinical diagnosis of dystrophinopathy, implementing a diagnostic molecular algorithm including: MLPA/PCR/Sanger/Exome and bioinformatics. We also performed a meta-analysis of LA's metrics for DMD available therapies. The employed algorithm resulted effective for the achievement of differential diagnosis, reaching a detection rate of 97%. Because of this, corticosteroid treatment was correctly indicated and validated in 371 patients with genetic confirmation of dystrophinopathy. Also, 20 were eligible for exon skipping of exon 51, 21 for exon 53, 12 for exon 45 and another 70 for premature stop codon read-through therapy. We determined that 87.5% of DMD patients will restore the reading frame with the skipping of only one exon. Regarding nonsense variants, UGA turned out to be the most frequent premature stop codon observed (47%). According to the meta-analysis, only four LA countries (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico) provide the complete molecular algorithm for dystrophinopathies. We observed different relations among the available targets for exon skipping in the analyzed populations, but a more even proportion of nonsense variants (∼40%). In conclusion, this manuscript describes the theragnosis carried out in Argentinian dystrophinopathy patients. The implemented molecular algorithm proved to be efficient for the achievement of differential diagnosis, which plays a crucial role in patient management, determination of the standard of care and genetic counseling. Finally, this work contributes with the international efforts to characterize the frequencies and variants in LA, pillars of drug development and theragnosis.

Dataset Information

Vascular-targeted therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Publications

Vascular-targeted therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets