Dataset Information

Effect of fish oil on circulating adiponectin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

ABSTRACT:

Context

Seafood long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) improve insulin sensitivity in animal experiments, but findings remain inconsistent in humans. Adiponectin is a robust marker for insulin sensitivity and adipocyte function. Whether n-3 PUFAs affect adiponectin in humans is unknown.

Objective

Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the objective of the study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) to determine the effect of n-3 PUFA consumption on circulating adiponectin in humans.

Data sources

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CABI (CAB abstracts), Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, SIGLE, and Faculty of 1000 were searched through to June 2012, supplemented with author contact and reference list searches.

Study selection

RCTs of either fish oil supplementation or isocaloric fish meal feeding that evaluated adiponectin as an outcome were selected for the study.

Data extraction

Two investigators independently extracted the data. Effect estimates were pooled using inverse-variance weighted, random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed by the I(2) and Q statistic. Prespecified sources of heterogeneity were investigated by meta-regression. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test.

Data synthesis

Of 110 studies, 14 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Fourteen trial arms evaluated fish oil (fish oil, n = 682; placebo, n = 641). Fish oil increased adiponectin by 0.37 ?g/mL [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07; 0.67, P = .02]. Although effects in 11 of 14 trials were 0 or greater, statistical heterogeneity was evident (I(2) = 72.9%), unexplained by n-3 PUFA dose or duration, study quality score, study location, or baseline body mass index (meta-regression P > .05 each). The funnel plot was asymmetric in favor of smaller trials with greater effects (Egger's P = .11); the fill-and-trim method suggested a theoretical pooled effect of 0.18 ?g/mL (95% CI -0.15; +0.52, P = .28). Only 2 trial arms evaluated fish feeding (n = 136 intervention and 68 control subjects), for which the pooled effect on adiponectin was not statistically significant (-0.01 ?g/mL, 95% CI -0.65; 0.64, P = 0.99), although CIs were broad due to the small number of subjects.

Conclusions

In placebo-controlled RCTs, fish oil moderately increases circulating adiponectin, although with unexplained heterogeneity as well as potential publication bias. These findings provide no evidence for harm and support possible benefits of n-3 PUFA consumption on insulin sensitivity and adipocyte function.

SUBMITTER: Wu JH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3667269 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Effect of fish oil on circulating adiponectin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Wu Jason H Y JH Cahill Leah E LE Mozaffarian Dariush D

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20130523 6

<h4>Context</h4>Seafood long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) improve insulin sensitivity in animal experiments, but findings remain inconsistent in humans. Adiponectin is a robust marker for insulin sensitivity and adipocyte function. Whether n-3 PUFAs affect adiponectin in humans is unknown.<h4>Objective</h4>Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the objective of the study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysi ...[more]

PMID: 23703724

Similar Datasets

Project description:BACKGROUND: The effects of fish oil supplements on lipid profile in dialysis patients are controversial. With increasing interest in the potential health benefits of fish oil, it is important to explore its real effects. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify and quantify the effects of fish oil on triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in dialysis patients. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for relevant trials of fish oil and lipid profile in dialysis patients. We identified 209 potential studies and included 13 randomized controlled trials. Eligible studies, determined by consensus using predefined criteria, were reviewed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and a meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, serum TG and TC levels in the fish oil group were reduced by 0.23 mmol/L (95% CI, -0.31, -0.14, P <0.01) and 0.12 mmol/L (95% CI, -0.23, -0.01, P =0.03), respectively. HDL-C levels were increased by 0.20 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.01, 0.40, P <0.01) attributable to fish oil. In contrast, fish oil did not influence serum LDL-C levels. Subgroup analysis showed the effects of fish oil were stronger in subjects with higher baseline TG levels, and the long-term intervention (>12 w) demonstrated a tendency towards greater improvement of serum HDL-C and LDL-C levels compared with short-term intervention (?12 w). However, both of the changes were not statistically significant in meta-regression analysis. There were no obvious difference in effects of different doses and components of fish oil on lipid levels. CONCLUSION: Fish oil supplements reduced serum TG and TC levels, and increased HDL-C levels, without affecting LDL-C levels among dialysis patients. It should benefit patients at risk of cardiovascular diseases. Based on randomized controlled trials, we suggested a daily supplement dose of fish oil for dialysis patients of >1 g, but a high dose might not be necessary.

Project description:BackgroundThe effect of statin treatment on circulating coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been studied in numerous randomized controlled trails (RCTs). However, whether statin treatment decreases circulating CoQ10 is still controversial.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify RCTs to investigate the effect of statin treatment on circulating CoQ10. We calculated the pooled standard mean difference (SMD) using a fixed effect model or random effect model to assess the effect of statin treatment on circulating CoQ10. The methodological quality of the studies was determined according to the Cochrane Handbook. Publication bias was evaluated by a funnel plot, the Egger regression test, and the Begg-Mazumdar correlation test.ResultsTwelve RCTs with a total of 1776 participants were evaluated. Compared with placebo, statin treatment resulted in a reduction of circulating CoQ10 (SMD, -?2.12; 95% CI, -?3.40 to -?0.84; p?=?0.001), which was not associated with the duration of statin treatment (Exp, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.03; p?=?0.994). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that both lipophilic statins (SMD, -?1.91; 95% CI, -?3.62 to 0.2; p?=?0.017) and hydrophilic statins (SMD, -?2.36; 95% CI, -?4.30 to -?0.42; p?=?0.028) decreased circulating CoQ10, and no obvious difference was observed between the two groups (SMD, -?0.20; 95% CI, -?0.208 to 0.618; p?=?0.320). In addition, both low-middle intensity statins (SMD, -?2.403; 95% CI, -?3.992 to -?0.813; p?<?0.001) and high intensity statins (SMD, -?1.727; 95% CI, -?2.746 to -?0.709; p?<?0.001) decreased circulating CoQ10. Meta-regression showed that the effect of statin on decreasing circulating CoQ10 was not closely associated with the duration of statin treatment (Exp, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.03; p?=?0.994).ConclusionsStatin treatment decreased circulating CoQ10 but was not associated with the statin solution, intensity, or treatment time. The findings of this study provide a potential mechanism for statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) and suggest that CoQ10 supplementation may be a promising complementary approach for SAMS.

Project description:In 2012, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning regarding potential adverse effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) on cognition, based on the Adverse Events Reporting System and a review of the medical literature. We aimed to synthesize randomized clinical trial (RCTs) evidence on the association between statin therapy and cognitive outcomes.We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL through December 2012, and reviewed published systematic reviews of statin treatment. We sought RCTs that compared statin treatment versus placebo or standard care, and reported at least one cognitive outcome (frequency of adverse cognitive events or measurements using standard neuropsychological cognitive test scores). Studies reporting sufficient information to calculate effect sizes were included in meta-analyses. Standardized and unstandardized mean differences were calculated for continuous outcomes for global cognition and for pre-specified cognitive domains. The main outcome was change in cognition measured by neuropsychological tests; an outcome of secondary interest was the frequency of adverse cognitive events observed during follow-up.We identified 25 RCTs (all placebo-controlled) reporting cognitive outcomes in 46,836 subjects, of which 23 RCTs reported cognitive test results in 29,012 participants. Adverse cognitive outcomes attributable to statins were rarely reported in trials involving cognitively normal or impaired subjects. Furthermore, meta-analysis of cognitive test data (14 studies; 27,643 participants) failed to show significant adverse effects of statins on all tests of cognition in either cognitively normal subjects (standardized mean difference 0.01, 95% confidence interval, CI, -0.01 to 0.03, p?=?0.42) or Alzheimer's disease subjects (standardized mean difference -0.05, 95% CI -0.19 to 0.10, p?=?0.38).Statin therapy was not associated with cognitive impairment in RCTs. These results raise questions regarding the continued merit of the FDA warning about potential adverse effects of statins on cognition.

Dataset Information

Effect of fish oil on circulating adiponectin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Context

Objective

Data sources

Study selection

Data extraction

Data synthesis

Conclusions

Publications

Effect of fish oil on circulating adiponectin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure