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Structure of PatF from Prochloron didemni.

ABSTRACT: Patellamides are macrocyclic peptides with potent biological effects and are a subset of the cyanobactins. Cyanobactins are natural products that are produced by a series of enzymatic transformations and a common modification is the addition of a prenyl group. Puzzlingly, the pathway for patellamides in Prochloron didemni contains a gene, patF, with homology to prenylases, but patellamides are not themselves prenylated. The structure of the protein PatF was cloned, expressed, purified and determined. Prenylase activity could not be demonstrated for the protein, and examination of the structure revealed changes in side-chain identity at the active site. It is suggested that these changes have inactivated the protein. Attempts to mutate these residues led to unfolded protein.

SUBMITTER: Bent AF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3668578 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Structure of PatF from Prochloron didemni.

Bent Andrew F AF Koehnke Jesko J Houssen Wael E WE Smith Margaret C M MC Jaspars Marcel M Naismith James H JH

Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology and crystallization communications 20130523 Pt 6

Patellamides are macrocyclic peptides with potent biological effects and are a subset of the cyanobactins. Cyanobactins are natural products that are produced by a series of enzymatic transformations and a common modification is the addition of a prenyl group. Puzzlingly, the pathway for patellamides in Prochloron didemni contains a gene, patF, with homology to prenylases, but patellamides are not themselves prenylated. The structure of the protein PatF was cloned, expressed, purified and determ ...[more]

PMID: 23722837

Similar Datasets

Prochloron didemni

Project description:Photosynthetic symbiont

| PRJNA35547 | ENA

Origin of Chemical Diversity in Prochloron-Tunicate Symbiosis.

Project description:UnlabelledDiversity-generating metabolism leads to the evolution of many different chemicals in living organisms. Here, by examining a marine symbiosis, we provide a precise evolutionary model of how nature generates a family of novel chemicals, the cyanobactins. We show that tunicates and their symbiotic Prochloron cyanobacteria share congruent phylogenies, indicating that Prochloron phylogeny is related to host phylogeny and not to external habitat or geography. We observe that Prochloron exchanges discrete functional genetic modules for cyanobactin secondary metabolite biosynthesis in an otherwise conserved genetic background. The module exchange leads to gain or loss of discrete chemical functional groups. Because the underlying enzymes exhibit broad substrate tolerance, discrete exchange of substrates and enzymes between Prochloron strains leads to the rapid generation of chemical novelty. These results have implications in choosing biochemical pathways and enzymes for engineered or combinatorial biosynthesis.ImportanceWhile most biosynthetic pathways lead to one or a few products, a subset of pathways are diversity generating and are capable of producing thousands to millions of derivatives. This property is highly useful in biotechnology since it enables biochemical or synthetic biological methods to create desired chemicals. A fundamental question has been how nature itself creates this chemical diversity. Here, by examining the symbiosis between coral reef animals and bacteria, we describe the genetic basis of chemical variation with unprecedented precision. New compounds from the cyanobactin family are created by either varying the substrate or importing needed enzymatic functions from other organisms or via both mechanisms. This natural process matches successful laboratory strategies to engineer the biosynthesis of new chemicals and teaches a new strategy to direct biosynthesis.

| S-EPMC4959158 | biostudies-literature

Structure of a photosystem II supercomplex isolated from Prochloron didemni retaining its chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting system.

Project description:Prochlorophytes are a class of cyanobacteria that do not use phycobiliproteins as light-harvesting systems, but contain chlorophyll (Chl) a/b-binding Pcb proteins. Recently it was shown that Pcb proteins form an 18-subunit light-harvesting antenna ring around the photosystem I (PSI) trimeric reaction center complex of the prochlorophyte Prochlorococcus marinus SS120. Here we have investigated whether the symbiotic prochlorophyte Prochloron didemni also contains the same supermolecular complex. Using cells isolated directly from its ascidian host, we found no evidence for the presence of the Pcb-PSI supercomplex. Instead we have identified and characterized a supercomplex composed of photosystem II (PSII) and Pcb proteins. We show that 10-Pcb subunits associate with the PSII dimeric reaction center core to form a giant complex having an estimated Mr of 1,500 kDa with dimensions of 210 x 290 A. Five-Pcb subunits flank each long side of the dimer and assuming each binds 13 Chl molecules, increase the antenna size of PSII by approximately 200%. Fluorescence emission studies indicate that energy transfer occurs efficiently from the Pcb antenna. Modeling using the x-ray structure of cyanobacterial PSII suggests that energy transfer to the PSII reaction center is via the Chls bound to the CP47 and CP43 proteins.

| S-EPMC166436 | biostudies-literature

Data on the cultivation of Prochloron sp. at different salinity levels.

Project description:The data in this article describe the population growth of Prochloron cells outside the hosts at the different salinity levels. The cultivation was performed in enriched standard culture media with continuous photoperiod. The culture stock of Prochloron cells which was made as inoculum (starter) in the laboratory was isolated from tunics of an ascidian Lissoclinum patella. The ascidian was obtained from 20 m depth at Malalayang coastal water in Manado Bay, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The initial stock was kept in 20 ppt liquid medium. Then the cells were transferred into culture chambers, each prepared with different salinities: 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 ppt. After the cells reached exponential phase, some drops of cell suspension were transferred into agar media with the same salinity level until the green colony appeared. Each of the colonies was transferred again into liquid media with the same salinity. Population growth was observed until the death phase. The results of the study show that: (1) the growth of Prochloron cells at different salinity showed a different growth rate; (2) Prochloron cells grew well in salinity of 15 and 35 ppt; (3) the maximum population growth of Prochloron from each treatment varied. Prochloron cells grown in a medium with 35 ppt salinity had a rapid adaptability to the new culture environment. However, the maximum population growth was reached on the 75th day with a cell density of 31.00 × 106 cells/ml in a medium with 15 ppt salinity, much higher than those of the other treatments (20, 25, 30, 35 and 45 ppt). The data presented here are the success of the cultivation of Prochloron cells outside the host.

| S-EPMC7033513 | biostudies-literature

Complex microbiome underlying secondary and primary metabolism in the tunicate-Prochloron symbiosis.

Project description:The relationship between tunicates and the uncultivated cyanobacterium Prochloron didemni has long provided a model symbiosis. P. didemni is required for survival of animals such as Lissoclinum patella and also makes secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical interest. Here, we present the metagenomes, chemistry, and microbiomes of four related L. patella tunicate samples from a wide geographical range of the tropical Pacific. The remarkably similar P. didemni genomes are the most complex so far assembled from uncultivated organisms. Although P. didemni has not been stably cultivated and comprises a single strain in each sample, a complete set of metabolic genes indicates that the bacteria are likely capable of reproducing outside the host. The sequences reveal notable peculiarities of the photosynthetic apparatus and explain the basis of nutrient exchange underlying the symbiosis. P. didemni likely profoundly influences the lipid composition of the animals by synthesizing sterols and an unusual lipid with biofuel potential. In addition, L. patella also harbors a great variety of other bacterial groups that contribute nutritional and secondary metabolic products to the symbiosis. These bacteria possess an enormous genetic potential to synthesize new secondary metabolites. For example, an antitumor candidate molecule, patellazole, is not encoded in the genome of Prochloron and was linked to other bacteria from the microbiome. This study unveils the complex L. patella microbiome and its impact on primary and secondary metabolism, revealing a remarkable versatility in creating and exchanging small molecules.

| S-EPMC3251135 | biostudies-literature

Prochloron didemni P4-Papua_New_Guinea

Project description:Prochloron didemni P4-Papua_New_Guinea Metagenomic Assembly

| PRJNA82337 | ENA

Prochloron didemni P2-Fiji

Project description:Prochloron didemni P2-Fiji Metagenomic Assembly

| PRJNA82333 | ENA

Prochloron didemni P1-Palau

Project description:Cyanobacterial symbiont of the sea squirt

| PRJNA13452 | ENA

Prochloron didemni P3-Solomon

Project description:Prochloron didemni P3-Solomon Metagenomic Assembly

| PRJNA82335 | ENA

Sequence of Prochloron didemni atpBE and the inference of chloroplast origins.

Project description:The prochlorophytes, oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes containing chlorophylls a and b, have been put forward as descended from the organisms that gave rise to chloroplasts of green plants and algae by endosymbiosis, although this has always been controversial. To assess the phylogenetic position of the prochlorophyte Prochloron didemni, we have cloned and sequenced its atpBE genes. Phylogenetic inference under a range of models gives moderate to strong support for a cyanobacterial grouping rather than a chloroplast one. Possible systematic errors in this and previous analyses of prochlorophyte sequences are discussed.

| S-EPMC48738 | biostudies-other

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