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Remediation of polychlorinated biphenyl impacted sediment by concurrent bioaugmentation with anaerobic halorespiring and aerobic degrading bacteria.

ABSTRACT: Bioremediation of sediments contaminated with commercial polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is potentially achievable by the sequential activity of anaerobic halorespiration to convert higher chlorinated congeners to less chlorinated congeners that are susceptible to aerobic respiratory degradation. The efficacy of bioaugmentation with anaerobic halorespiring Dehalobium chlorocoercia DF1 and aerobic Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 added concurrently with granulated activated carbon (GAC) as a delivery system was determined in 2 L laboratory mesocosms containing weathered Aroclor-contaminated sediment from Baltimore Harbor, MD, USA. The greatest effect was seen in the mesocosm bioaugmented with both DF1 and LB400 together, which resulted in an 80% decrease by mass of PCBs, from 8 to <2 mg/kg after 120 days. There was no significant increase in lesser-chlorinated congeners, indicating that both anaerobic dechlorination by DF1 and aerobic degradation by LB400 occurred. In contrast, nonbioaugmented controls containing filtered culture supernatant showed only a 25% decrease in total levels of PCBs after 365 days, which was likely due to biostimulation of the indigenous population by the medium. Direct colony counts and molecular analysis targeting a putative reductive dehalogenase gene of D. chlorocoercia or the bphA gene of LB400 showed the presence of viable DF1 and LB400 in bioaugmented mesocosms after 365 days, indicating that both nonindigenous strains were sustainable within the indigenous microbial community. These results suggest that an in situ treatment employing the simultaneous application of anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms could be an effective and environmentally sustainable strategy to reduce PCBs levels in contaminated sediment.

SUBMITTER: Payne RB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3671860 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Remediation of polychlorinated biphenyl impacted sediment by concurrent bioaugmentation with anaerobic halorespiring and aerobic degrading bacteria.

Payne Rayford B RB Fagervold Sonja K SK May Harold D HD Sowers Kevin R KR

Environmental science & technology 20130326 8

Bioremediation of sediments contaminated with commercial polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is potentially achievable by the sequential activity of anaerobic halorespiration to convert higher chlorinated congeners to less chlorinated congeners that are susceptible to aerobic respiratory degradation. The efficacy of bioaugmentation with anaerobic halorespiring Dehalobium chlorocoercia DF1 and aerobic Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 added concurrently with granulated activated carbon (GAC) as a delive ...[more]

PMID: 23463900

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Project description:Biphenyl dioxygenase (BPDO) catalyzes the aerobic transformation of biphenyl and various polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In three different assays, BPDO(B356) from Pandoraea pnomenusa B-356 was a more potent PCB-degrading enzyme than BPDO(LB400) from Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 (75% amino acid sequence identity), transforming nine congeners in the following order of preference: 2,3',4-trichloro approximately 2,3,4'-trichloro > 3,3'-dichloro > 2,4,4'-trichloro > 4,4'-dichloro approximately 2,2'-dichloro > 2,6-dichloro > 2,2',3,3'-tetrachloro approximately 2,2',5,5'-tetrachloro. Except for 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, BPDO(B356) transformed each congener at a higher rate than BPDO(LB400). The assays used either whole cells or purified enzymes and either individual congeners or mixtures of congeners. Product analyses established previously unrecognized BPDO(B356) activities, including the 3,4-dihydroxylation of 2,6-dichlorobiphenyl. BPDO(LB400) had a greater apparent specificity for biphenyl than BPDO(B356) (k(cat)/K(m) = 2.4 x 10(6) +/- 0.7 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1) versus k(cat)/K(m) = 0.21 x 10(6) +/- 0.04 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)). However, the latter transformed biphenyl at a higher maximal rate (k(cat) = 4.1 +/- 0.2 s(-1) versus k(cat) = 0.4 +/- 0.1 s(-1)). A variant of BPDO(LB400) containing four active site residues of BPDO(B356) transformed para-substituted congeners better than BPDO(LB400). Interestingly, a substitution remote from the active site, A267S, increased the enzyme's preference for meta-substituted congeners. Moreover, this substitution had a greater effect on the kinetics of biphenyl utilization than substitutions in the substrate-binding pocket. In all variants, the degree of coupling between congener depletion and O(2) consumption was approximately proportional to congener depletion. At 2.4-A resolution, the crystal structure of the BPDO(B356)-2,6-dichlorobiphenyl complex, the first crystal structure of a BPDO-PCB complex, provided additional insight into the reactivity of this isozyme with this congener, as well as into the differences in congener preferences of the BPDOs.

Dataset Information

Remediation of polychlorinated biphenyl impacted sediment by concurrent bioaugmentation with anaerobic halorespiring and aerobic degrading bacteria.

Publications

Remediation of polychlorinated biphenyl impacted sediment by concurrent bioaugmentation with anaerobic halorespiring and aerobic degrading bacteria.

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