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Introgression and isolation contributed to the development of Hungarian Mangalica pigs from a particular European ancient bloodline.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Mangalica breeds are indigenous to Hungary and their breeding history dates back to about 200-250 years ago. They are fat-type pigs and have a rare curly hair phenotype. The aim of our study was to establish the relationships between these unique breeds and other European breeds. RESULTS:Based on a core sequence of 382 bp present in 2713 mitochondrial D-loop sequences from pigs belonging to 38 local breeds from nine countries, five cosmopolitan breeds and wild boars from 14 countries, we identified 164 haplotypes. More than half of the 2713 sequences belonged to either four haplotypes characteristic of continental European breeds or two haplotypes characteristic of British/cosmopolitan breeds; each haplotype is present in more than 100 individuals. Most Mangalica individuals belonged either to one of these common continental European haplotypes or to two Mangalica-specific haplotypes that were absent in all other breeds. In addition, we identified the ancestral mitochondrial D-loop signature present in these 2713 sequences and found that ~ 80% carried the European ancient signatures, ANC-Aside and ANC-Cside or their closely related signatures, while most of the remaining sequences carried a modern Asian signature, ANC-Easia. Mangalica individuals carried the ANC-Aside signature, but not the ANC-Cside or ANC-Easia signatures. CONCLUSIONS:In all the Mangalica individuals, a unique ancient European signature was found in the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region, but they belonged almost exclusively to either certain very abundant European or two Mangalica-specific D-loop haplotypes. This indicates that the present-day Mangalica population in Hungary evolved either by introgression of other European breeds and wild boars or via total isolation after the divergence of European ancient porcine bloodlines.

SUBMITTER: Marincs F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3704957 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Introgression and isolation contributed to the development of Hungarian Mangalica pigs from a particular European ancient bloodline.

Marincs Ferenc F Molnár János J Tóth Gábor G Stéger Viktor V Barta Endre E

Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE 20130701

<h4>Background</h4>Mangalica breeds are indigenous to Hungary and their breeding history dates back to about 200-250 years ago. They are fat-type pigs and have a rare curly hair phenotype. The aim of our study was to establish the relationships between these unique breeds and other European breeds.<h4>Results</h4>Based on a core sequence of 382 bp present in 2713 mitochondrial D-loop sequences from pigs belonging to 38 local breeds from nine countries, five cosmopolitan breeds and wild boars fro ...[more]

PMID: 23815680

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Project description:BackgroundEurasian pigs have undergone lineage admixture throughout history. It has been confirmed that the genes of indigenous pig breeds in China have been introduced into Western commercial pigs, providing genetic materials for breeding Western pigs. Pigs in Taihu Lake region (TL), such as the Meishan pig and Erhualian pig, serve as typical representatives of indigenous pig breeds in China due to their high reproductive performances. These pigs have also been imported into European countries in 1970 and 1980 s. They have played a positive role in improving the reproductive performances in European commercial pigs such as French Large White pigs (FLW). However, it is currently unclear if the lineage of TL pigs have been introgressed into the Danish Large White pigs (DLW), which are also known for their high reproductive performances in European pigs. To systematically identify genomic regions in which TL pigs have introgressed into DLW pigs and their physiological functions, we collected the re-sequencing data from 304 Eurasian pigs, to identify shared haplotypes between DLW and TL pigs.ResultsThe findings revealed the presence of introgressed genomic regions from TL pigs in the genome of DLW pigs indeed. The genes annotated within these regions were found to be mainly enriched in neurodevelopmental pathways. Furthermore, we found that the 115 kb region located in SSC16 exhibited highly shared haplotypes between TL and DLW pigs. The major haplotype of TL pigs in this region could significantly improve reproductive performances in various pig populations. Around this genomic region, NDUFS4 gene was highly expressed and showed differential expression in multiple reproductive tissues between extremely high and low farrowing Erhualian pigs. This suggested that NDUFS4 gene could be an important candidate causal gene responsible for affecting the reproductive performances of DLW pigs.ConclusionsOur study has furthered our knowledge of the pattern of introgression from TL into DLW pigs and the potential effects on the fertility of DLW pigs.

Dataset Information

Introgression and isolation contributed to the development of Hungarian Mangalica pigs from a particular European ancient bloodline.

Publications

Introgression and isolation contributed to the development of Hungarian Mangalica pigs from a particular European ancient bloodline.

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