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Draft Genome of a Type 4 Pilus Defective Myxococcus xanthus Strain, DZF1.

ABSTRACT: Myxococcus xanthus is a member of the Myxococcales order within the deltaproteobacterial subdivision. Here, we report the whole-genome shotgun sequence of the type IV pilus (T4P) defective strain DZF1, which includes many genes found in strain DZ2 but absent from strain DK1622.

SUBMITTER: Muller S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3707601 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Draft Genome of a Type 4 Pilus Defective Myxococcus xanthus Strain, DZF1.

Müller Susanne S Willett Jonathan W JW Bahr Sarah M SM Scott Jodie C JC Wilson Janet M JM Darnell Cynthia L CL Vlamakis Hera C HC Kirby John R JR

Genome announcements 20130620 3

Myxococcus xanthus is a member of the Myxococcales order within the deltaproteobacterial subdivision. Here, we report the whole-genome shotgun sequence of the type IV pilus (T4P) defective strain DZF1, which includes many genes found in strain DZ2 but absent from strain DK1622. ...[more]

PMID: 23788552

Similar Datasets

Draft Genome Sequence of Myxococcus xanthus Wild-Type Strain DZ2, a Model Organism for Predation and Development.

Project description:Myxococcus xanthus is a member of the Myxococcales order within the Deltaproteobacteria subdivision. The myxobacteria reside in soil, have relatively large genomes, and display complex life cycles. Here, we report the whole-genome shotgun sequence of strain DZ2, which includes unique genes not found previously in strain DK1622.

| S-EPMC3650445 | biostudies-literature

Outside-in assembly pathway of the type IV pilus system in Myxococcus xanthus.

Project description:Type IV pili (T4P) are ubiquitous bacterial cell surface structures that undergo cycles of extension, adhesion, and retraction. T4P function depends on a highly conserved envelope-spanning macromolecular machinery consisting of 10 proteins that localizes polarly in Myxococcus xanthus. Using this localization, we investigated the entire T4P machinery assembly pathway by systematically profiling the stability of all and the localization of eight of these proteins in the absence of other T4P machinery proteins as well as by mapping direct protein-protein interactions. Our experiments uncovered a sequential, outside-in pathway starting with the outer membrane (OM) PilQ secretin ring. PilQ recruits a subcomplex consisting of the inner membrane (IM) lipoprotein PilP and the integral IM proteins PilN and PilO by direct interaction with the periplasmic domain of PilP. The PilP/PilN/PilO subcomplex recruits the cytoplasmic PilM protein, by direct interaction between PilN and PilM, and the integral IM protein PilC. The PilB/PilT ATPases that power extension/retraction localize independently of other T4P machinery proteins. Thus, assembly of the T4P machinery initiates with formation of the OM secretin ring and continues inwards over the periplasm and IM to the cytoplasm.

| S-EPMC3911261 | biostudies-literature

Complete Genome Sequence of the Nonmotile Myxococcus xanthus Strain NM

Project description:ABSTRACT Myxobacteria exhibit multicellular swarming behavior, which depends on the coordination of cell motility. Unlike other myxobacteria, Myxococcus xanthus NM is not capable of forming swarms due to a defective motility system. Here, we present the 9.35-Mbp genome sequence of this nonmotile myxobacterium.

| S-EPMC8552703 | biostudies-literature

PilY1 and minor pilins form a complex priming the type IVa pilus in Myxococcus xanthus.

Project description:Type IVa pili are ubiquitous and versatile bacterial cell surface filaments that undergo cycles of extension, adhesion and retraction powered by the cell-envelope spanning type IVa pilus machine (T4aPM). The overall architecture of the T4aPM and the location of 10 conserved core proteins within this architecture have been elucidated. Here, using genetics, cell biology, proteomics and cryo-electron tomography, we demonstrate that the PilY1 protein and four minor pilins, which are widely conserved in T4aP systems, are essential for pilus extension in Myxococcus xanthus and form a complex that is an integral part of the T4aPM. Moreover, these proteins are part of the extended pilus. Our data support a model whereby the PilY1/minor pilin complex functions as a priming complex in T4aPM for pilus extension, a tip complex in the extended pilus for adhesion, and a cork for terminating retraction to maintain a priming complex for the next round of extension.

| S-EPMC7541494 | biostudies-literature

The polar Ras-like GTPase MglA activates type IV pilus via SgmX to enable twitching motility in Myxococcus xanthus.

Project description:Type IV pili (Tfp) are highly conserved macromolecular structures that fulfill diverse cellular functions, such as adhesion to host cells, the import of extracellular DNA, kin recognition, and cell motility (twitching). Outstandingly, twitching motility enables a poorly understood process by which highly coordinated groups of hundreds of cells move in cooperative manner, providing a basis for multicellular behaviors, such as biofilm formation. In the social bacteria Myxococcus xanthus, we know that twitching motility is under the dependence of the small GTPase MglA, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here we show that MglA complexed to GTP recruits a newly characterized Tfp regulator, termed SgmX, to activate Tfp machines at the bacterial cell pole. This mechanism also ensures spatial regulation of Tfp, explaining how MglA switching provokes directional reversals. This discovery paves the way to elucidate how polar Tfp machines are regulated to coordinate multicellular movements, a conserved feature in twitching bacteria.

| S-EPMC7668184 | biostudies-literature

The type IV pilus assembly ATPase PilB functions as a signaling protein to regulate exopolysaccharide production in Myxococcus xanthus.

Project description:Myxococcus xanthus possesses a form of surface motility powered by the retraction of the type IV pilus (T4P). Additionally, exopolysaccharide (EPS), the major constituent of bacterial biofilms, is required for this T4P-mediated motility in M. xanthus as the putative trigger of T4P retraction. The results here demonstrate that the T4P assembly ATPase PilB functions as an intermediary in the EPS regulatory pathway composed of the T4P upstream of the Dif signaling proteins in M. xanthus. A suppressor screen isolated a pilB mutation that restored EPS production to a T4P- mutant. An additional PilB mutant variant, which is deficient in ATP hydrolysis and T4P assembly, supports EPS production without the T4P, indicating PilB can regulate EPS production independently of its function in T4P assembly. Further analysis confirms that PilB functions downstream of the T4P filament but upstream of the Dif proteins. In vitro studies suggest that the nucleotide-free form of PilB assumes the active signaling conformation in EPS regulation. Since M. xanthus PilB possesses conserved motifs with high affinity for c-di-GMP binding, the findings here suggest that c-di-GMP can regulate both motility and biofilm formation through a single effector in this surface-motile bacterium.

| S-EPMC5544727 | biostudies-literature

PilY1 and minor pilins form a complex priming the type IVa pilus in Myxococcus xanthus

2020-09-02 | PXD021163 | Pride

The Myxococcus xanthus pilQ (sglA) gene encodes a secretin homolog required for type IV pilus biogenesis, social motility, and development.

Project description:The Myxococcus xanthus sglA1 spontaneous mutation was originally isolated because it allowed dispersed cell growth in liquid yet retained the ability to form fruiting bodies. Consequently, most of today's laboratory strains either contain the sglA1 mutation or were derived from strains that carry it. Subsequent work showed that sglA was a gene for social gliding motility, a process which is mediated by type IV pili. Here sglA is shown to map to the major pil cluster and to encode a 901-amino-acid open reading frame (ORF) that is homologous to the secretin superfamily of proteins. Secretins form a channel in the outer membrane for the transport of macromolecules. The closest homologs found were PilQ proteins from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which are required for type IV pili biogenesis and twitching motility. To signify these molecular and functional similarities, we have changed the name of sglA to pilQ. The hypomorphic pilQ1 (sglA1) allele was sequenced and found to contain two missense mutations at residues 741 (G-->S) and 762 (N-->G). In addition, 19 independent social (S)-motility mutations are shown to map to the pilQ locus. In-frame deletions of pilQ and its downstream gene, orfL, were constructed. pilQ is shown to be essential for pilus biogenesis, S-motility, rippling, and fruiting body formation, while orfL is dispensable for these processes. The pilQ1 allele, but not the DeltapilQ allele, was found to render cells hypersensitive to vancomycin, suggesting that PilQ1 alters the permeability properties of the outer membrane. Many differences between pilQ1 and pilQ+ strains have been noted in the literature. We discuss some of these observations and how they may be rationalized in the context of our molecular and functional findings.

| S-EPMC103527 | biostudies-literature

Draft genome sequences for Clostridium thermocellum wild-type strain YS and derived cellulose adhesion-defective mutant strain AD2.

Project description:Clostridium thermocellum wild-type strain YS is an anaerobic, thermophilic, cellulolytic bacterium capable of directly converting cellulosic substrates into ethanol. Strain YS and a derived cellulose adhesion-defective mutant strain, AD2, played pivotal roles in describing the original cellulosome concept. We present their draft genome sequences.

| S-EPMC3370843 | biostudies-literature

Peripheral rods: a specialized developmental cell type in Myxococcus xanthus.

Project description:In response to nutrient deprivation, the ubiquitous Gram-negative soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus undergoes a well-characterized developmental response, resulting in the formation of a multicellular fruiting body. The center of the fruiting body consists of myxospores; surrounding this structure are rod-shaped peripheral cells. Unlike spores, the peripheral rods are a metabolically active cell type that inhabits nutrient-deprived environments. The survival characteristics exhibited by peripheral rods, protection from oxidative stress and heat shock, are common survival characteristics exhibited by cells in stationary phase including modifications to morphology and metabolism. Vegetative M. xanthus cells undergo a number of physiological changes during the transition into stationary phase similar to other proteobacteria. In M. xanthus, stationary-phase cells are not considered a component of the developmental response and occur when cells are grown on nutrient-rich plates or in dispersed aqueous media. However, this cell type is not routinely studied and little of its physiology is known. Similarities between these two stress-induced cell types led to the question of whether peripheral rods are actually a distinct developmental cell type or simply cells in stationary phase. In this study, we examine the transcriptome of peripheral rods and its relationship to development. This work demonstrates that peripheral rods are in fact a distinct developmentally differentiated cell type. Although peripheral rods and stationary phase cells display similar characteristics, each transcriptomic pattern is unique and quite different from that of any other M. xanthus cell type.

| S-EPMC7810364 | biostudies-literature

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