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Characterization of qnrB-like genes in Citrobacter species of the American Type Culture Collection.

ABSTRACT: Among five American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) Citrobacter strains, qnrB60 in Citrobacter freundii ATCC 6879, an isolate from the preantibiotic era, and qnrB61 in Citrobacter braakii ATCC 51113(T), a type strain belonging to the C. freundii complex, were identified. Meanwhile, a truncated qnrB-like pseudogene was identified in C. freundii ATCC 8090(T) and ATCC 43864. No qnrB-like sequence was found in Citrobacter koseri ATCC 27028(T). These findings underscore the close relationship between this species and qnrB.

SUBMITTER: Saga T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3716155 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characterization of qnrB-like genes in Citrobacter species of the American Type Culture Collection.

Saga Tomoo T Sabtcheva Stefana S Mitsutake Kotaro K Ishii Yoshikazu Y Tateda Kazuhiro K Yamaguchi Keizo K Kaku Mitsuo M

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 20130325 6

Among five American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) Citrobacter strains, qnrB60 in Citrobacter freundii ATCC 6879, an isolate from the preantibiotic era, and qnrB61 in Citrobacter braakii ATCC 51113(T), a type strain belonging to the C. freundii complex, were identified. Meanwhile, a truncated qnrB-like pseudogene was identified in C. freundii ATCC 8090(T) and ATCC 43864. No qnrB-like sequence was found in Citrobacter koseri ATCC 27028(T). These findings underscore the close relationship between ...[more]

PMID: 23529729

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Citrobacter spp. as a source of qnrB Alleles.

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Project description:To gain insights into the diversification trajectories of qnrB genes, a phylogenetic and comparative genomics analysis of these genes and their surrounding genetic sequences was performed. For this purpose, Citrobacter sp. isolates (n = 21) and genome or plasmid sequences (n = 56) available in public databases harboring complete or truncated qnrB genes were analyzed. Citrobacter species identification was performed by phylogenetic analysis of different genotypic markers. The clonal relatedness among isolates, the location of qnrB genes, and the genetic surroundings of qnrB genes were investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), S1-/I-CeuI-PFGE and hybridization, and PCR mapping and sequencing, respectively. Identification of Citrobacter isolates was achieved using leuS and recN gene sequences, and isolates characterized in this study were diverse and harbored chromosomal qnrB genes. Phylogenetic analysis of all known qnrB genes revealed seven main clusters and two branches, with most of them included in two clusters. Specific platforms (comprising pspF and sapA and varying in synteny and/or identity of other genes and intergenic regions) were associated with each one of these qnrB clusters, and the reliable identification of all Citrobacter isolates revealed that each platform evolved in different recognizable (Citrobacter freundii, C. braakii, C. werkmanii, and C. pasteurii) and putatively new species. A high identity was observed between some of the platforms identified in the chromosome of Citrobacter spp. and in different plasmids of Enterobacteriaceae. Our data corroborate Citrobacter as the origin of qnrB and further suggest divergent evolution of closely related qnrB genes/platforms in particular Citrobacter spp., which were delineated using particular genotypic markers.

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Molecular analysis of type 3 fimbrial genes from Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Citrobacter species.

Project description:BACKGROUND: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most common nosocomial infection in the United States and is caused by a range of uropathogens. Biofilm formation by uropathogens that cause CAUTI is often mediated by cell surface structures such as fimbriae. In this study, we characterised the genes encoding type 3 fimbriae from CAUTI strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter koseri and Citrobacter freundii. RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis of the type 3 fimbrial genes (mrkABCD) from 39 strains revealed they clustered into five distinct clades (A-E) ranging from one to twenty-three members. The majority of sequences grouped in clade A, which was represented by the mrk gene cluster from the genome sequenced K. pneumoniae MGH78578. The E. coli and K. pneumoniae mrkABCD gene sequences clustered together in two distinct clades, supporting previous evidence for the occurrence of inter-genera lateral gene transfer. All of the strains examined caused type 3 fimbriae mediated agglutination of tannic acid treated human erythrocytes despite sequence variation in the mrkD-encoding adhesin gene. Type 3 fimbriae deletion mutants were constructed in 13 representative strains and were used to demonstrate a direct role for type 3 fimbriae in biofilm formation. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of functional type 3 fimbriae is common to many Gram-negative pathogens that cause CAUTI and is strongly associated with biofilm growth. Our data provides additional evidence for the spread of type 3 fimbrial genes by lateral gene transfer. Further work is now required to substantiate the clade structure reported here by examining more strains as well as other bacterial genera that make type 3 fimbriae and cause CAUTI.

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Draft Genome Sequence of the Type Species of the Genus Citrobacter, Citrobacter freundii MTCC 1658.

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